Suchergebnisse

Translation and interpreting have been a part of the Colombian cultural and political spheres from much longer before what we now know as the Republic of Colombia ever existed. In this article, we will present an overview of the most relevant events, practices, and agents throughout the history of translation in this Latin American country. Tracing the history of translation in Colombia requires work along different lines, which may give an account of both translational practice itself and of those who have documented this practice, from both synchronic and diachronic perspectives. Our first line of work, then, will involve historical work, entailing the documentation of practices of translation and interpreting in the national territory. A second line of work, from a historiographical perspective, will offer an account of the work presented by scholars at different points in time to document or study Colombian translations. Our third line of work is historical-discursive in nature, and will present the discourses that have taken translation as their object, particularly as it has an impact on the social, cultural, political, scientific, and literary spheres of Colombian life. Finally, we will present academic works that approach translation from the perspective of contemporary translation studies, a line of work that we have termed translatological. By offering this overview, we intend to present the state of the art of translation history and historiography in Colombia. It is our ultimate purpose to provide an assessment of the practices and discourses surrounding translation so as to determine the various functions that this activity has had in the different spheres of Colombian culture.

This paper shows the second part of the Colombian Police history as an institution of social control in Colombia since 1920 through historical-critical research model. The research was developing according with the five milestones in the Colombia history to analyze the national police relationship with (1) the labor movements, (2) bipartisan regional disputes, (3) the external conflict, (4) progressive policies and (5) in a time of violence facts. By the end, the conclusion of this work is that the influence the police in the exercise of social, political and partisan control in various stages of Colombia history. ; El presente artículo hace parte de una exploración histórico-crítica de la institución policial en su función de control social en Colombia en el periodo 1920-1949. Dicha exploración se ha efectuado mediante el estudio de cinco hitos históricos directamente relacionados con la Policía Nacional: analizando su relación con los movimientos sociolaborales, las disputas bipartidistas regionales, el conflicto exterior, las políticas reformistas liberales, y primeras manifestaciones de la época de la violencia. De dicho análisis se infiere la influencia desplegada por la institución policial en el ejercicio del control social en diversos campos del devenir histórico de Colombia.

The author presents and introduces with comments the following article of the known Russian global problems researcher M. Cheshkov. It is assumed that working with ideal theoretical objects is fundamental for a scientific knowledge specificity, that the experience of recent years points to a dramatic connection between the growing interdependence of different regions and spaces in the modern world, and the increasing intensity of local and global antagonisms and passions.

The purpose of this study was to explore rural and provincial students' conceptualizations of nature in Colombia alongside the science education offered in their school communities. Students' perceptions of nature were produced from interviews that revolved around a focusing event and two eliciting devices to document their views about home, school science, and nature. Eighteen students from two urban and one provincial school communities were invited to participate in an interview. An anthropological approach to education allowed for case descriptions in urban and provincial settings in a northeastern region of Colombia, South America. The findings specifically reflect how multiple worldviews correlate with the framework of school science.

Se hace una breve historia del crédito hipotecario en Colombia. La cuantificación se puede hacer a partir del año 1923, una vez creados el Banco de la República y la Superintendencia Bancaria a raíz de las recomendaciones de la Misión Kemmerer. En los años treinta y cuarenta la principal fuente de crédito para vivienda fue el Banco Central Hipotecario. En los años cincuenta y sesenta esta fuente fue complementada por el Instituto de Crédito Territorial, y el crédito bancario para vivienda diferente al BCH era mínimo. Sólo a partir de los años setenta en la era del UPAC el sector bancario formal financió el crédito de largo plazo para vivienda. A partir de los años noventa el estado da subsidios a familias de bajos ingresos para que estas puedan acceder al crédito para compra de vivienda de interés social. Finalmente, se ensaya promover la construcción durante la crisis económica de 2008 creando un subsidio de tasa de interés para la compra de vivienda popular. ; The document presents a brief history of mortgage loans in Colombia. The period for which a quantified analysis can be done starts in 1923, the year in which the Central Bank (Banco de la República) and the Banking Supervision Agency (Superintendencia Bancaria) were created following recommendations from the Kemmerer Mission. In the 1930's and 1940's the main source of mortgage loans was the Central Mortgage Bank (Banco Central Hipotecario ¿ BCH). In the 1950's and 1960's it was complemented with the National Loans Institute (Instituto de Crédito Territorial - ICT), but mortgage credit outside of BCH was kept to a minimum at other financial institutions. It was not until the 1970's, with the advent of the UPAC system, when other banks started providing long-term mortgage loans. Since the 1990¿s the government has been subsidizing demand for the acquisition of low-income housing (Vivienda de Interés Social - VIS). Finally, amid the economic crisis of 2008 the government tried to promote the building industry by creating an interest-rate subsidy for housing purchases.

En la historia de la política económica, el fomento de la construcción de vivienda ha sido un tema recurrente. En este artículo se hace un recuento de las diferentes maneras como se ha intentado hacer esto en Colombia a través de la historia moderna. La cuantificación se puede hacer a partir de 1923, una vez creados el Banco de la República y la Superintendencia Bancaria a raíz de las recomendaciones de la Misión Kemmerer. En los años treinta y cuarenta, la principal fuente de crédito para vivienda fue un banco estatal: el Banco Central Hipotecario (BCH). En los años cincuenta y sesenta, esta fuente fue complementada por el Instituto de Crédito Territorial (ICT), y el crédito bancario para vivienda diferente al BCH era mínimo. Solo a partir de los años setenta, en la era del UPAC (unidad de poder adquisitivo constante), el sector bancario formal financió el crédito de largo plazo para vivienda. A partir de los años noventa, el Estado otorga subsidios a familias de bajos ingresos para que estas puedan acceder al crédito para compra de vivienda de interés social. Finalmente, se ensaya promover la construcción durante la crisis económica del 2008, creando un subsidio de tasa de interés para la compra de vivienda popular. Además, la política tributaria se ha usado con el mismo propósito. ; In the history of economic policy in Colombia, the promotion of housing construction has been a recurring theme. In this article the different schemes for promoting housing are described. The period for which a quantified analysis can be done starts in 1923, the year in which the Central Bank (Banco de la República) and the Banking Supervision Agency (Superintendencia Bancaria) were created following recommendations from the Kemmerer Mission. In the 1930's and 1940's the main source of mortgage loans was the Central Mortgage Bank (Banco Central Hipotecario - BCH). In the 1950's and 1960's it was complemented by the National Loans Institute (Instituto de Crédito Territorial - ICT), but mortgage credit outside of BCH was kept to a minimum at other financial institutions. It was not until the 1970's, with the advent of the UPAC system, when other banks started providing long-term ortgage loans. Since the 1990's the government has been subsidizing demand for the acquisition of low-income housing (Vivienda de Interés Social - VIS). Finally, amid the economic crisis of 2008 the government tried to promote the building industry by creating an interest-rate subsidy for housing purchases. In addition policy has been used in different ways for the same end.

This article presents the development of the rights movement for the LGBT population in Colombia within the international context. As part of the Latin-American tradition and Spanish heritage, the behaviour and attitude towards sexuality in general and towards homosexuality in particular, were very conservative in the country. The beginning of the gay liberation movement in Colombia is presented, along with its historical, psychological and legal aspects, the ideas of homosexuality as a sin, as a criminal offence, as a mental disease, or as an alternative lifestyle. Described are the developments of what is referred to as sexual rights, as human rights, marriage equality, the adoption of children by same-sex couples, homo-parental families, the topics of health, identity, the psychological health of LGBT people, and the attitudes of the Colombian society in relation to these aspects. The roles of psychology as a discipline and the professional psychology associations are shown in a historical perspective.

Die vorliegende Ansprache des Präsidenten zum jährlichen (achtzehnten) Treffen der Social Science History Association (SSHA) rekapituliert die Geschichte dieser Vereinigung mit folgenden Schlußfolgerungen: (1) Auch Sozialhistoriker können ihre eigene Geschichte prinzipiell nicht voraussagen. Dies zeigt sich z.B. an den kühnen und optimistischen Prognosen in den 70er Jahren zur Entwicklung des eigenen Fachs. (2) Die Entwicklung der Disziplin ist von der Größe und den 'Zufälligkeiten' der jährlichen Treffen entscheidend mitgeprägt. (3) Die Wirkungen sozialgeschichtlicher Forschungen sind eher langfristig und kaum an den eher 'modischen' Schwankungen der Themenwahl und deren öffentlicher Diskussion abzulesen. (pmb)

This research paper analyzes the historical development of political parties in Colombia andit reflects on the roles they have played over the years in the Colombian State. This studyis undertaken in order to understand the obstacles and deficiencies that these organizationshave to date. For this purpose, a qualitative research methodology was used. It aimed atdescribing historical events that have been relevant to the development of political parties, asa group of people who seek to influence or be holders of political power in the Colombianstate. The research results indicate a repeated lack of compliance with the political and legalprinciples that are required for the effectiveness of a participatory democracy as, theoretically,the Colombian State is. ; El presente artículo de investigación pretende analizar el desarrollo histórico de los partidos políticos en Colombia y reflexionar sobre los papeles que han jugado con el devenir de los años en el Estado colombiano. Lo anterior con la finalidad de comprender los obstáculos y las deficiencias que las citadas organizaciones presentan a la fecha. Para el efecto, la metodología de investigación empleada ha sido la cualitativa en el marco de la descripción de los sucesos históricos de relevancia para el desarrollo de los partidos políticos como agrupación de personas que pretenden influir o ser titulares del poder político en el Estado colombiano. Los resultados de la investigación indican una reiterada ausencia del cumplimiento de los presupuestos de orden político y jurídico necesarios para la efectividad de una democracia de carácter participativo como lo es, teóricamente, la del Estado colombiano.