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(WHIASU) A basic guide to conducting a HIA. 1. Health impact assessment is a tool that can help organisations to assess the possible consequences of their decisions on people۪s health and well-being, thereby helping to develop more integrated policies and programmes. 2. This document has been developed as a practical guide to health impact assessment. It is designed to meet the needs of a variety of organisations by explaining the concept, the process and its flexibility, and by providing templates that can be adjusted to suit. 3. The Welsh Assembly Government is committed to developing the use of health impact assessment in Wales as a part of its strategy to improve health and wellbeing and to reduce health inequalities. This practical guide has been prepared by the Welsh Health Impact Assessment Support Unit, which was established by the Welsh Assembly Government to encourage and support organisations and groups in Wales to use the approach. 4. The development and use of health impact assessment will contribute to the ongoing development and implementation of local health, social care and wellbeing strategies, which is a joint statutory responsibility for Local Health Boards and local authorities. It can also contribute to Community Strategies which, given their overarching nature and breadth and depth, can address social, economic and environmental determinants of health, and to the implementation of Communities First, the Welsh Assembly Government۪s crosscutting regeneration programme. 5. The development of Health Challenge Wales as the national focus for improving health in Wales reinforces efforts to prevent ill health. Tools such as health impact assessment can help organisations and groups in all sectors to identify ways in which they can help people to improve their health.

Health impact assessment (HIA) is a process that aims to predict potential positive and negative effects of project, programme or policy proposals on health and health inequalities. It is recommended by national government and internationally. Supporting health impact assessment is one of the roles of English Public Health Observatories.The few centres in England with accredited health impact training centres have inadequate resources to meet demand. Currently, the London Health Observatory is providing the bulk of the training nationally. Some Public Health Observatories are currently investigating the preferences for support of those commissioning or conducting health impact assessment within their regions.The availability of published guidance on how to conduct health impact assessments has increased substantially over the past few years. The Department of Health has funded a research project led by the London Health Observatory to develop advice for reviewing evidence for use in health impact assessment. Completed health impact assessments can be useful resources. Evaluation of the process and impact of health impact assessment is important in order to demonstrate its usefulness and to learn lessons for the future.The focus for Public Health Observatories is to train and support others to conduct health impact assessment according to good practice, rather than undertaking health impact assessments themselves. The aim is to create sufficient skilled capacity around the country to undertake health impact assessments. The London Health Observatory plans to share its support models and to roll out a train the trainer programme nationally to enable effective local delivery of their national health impact assessment programme. (c) 2005 The Royal Institue of Public Health. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

FrontMatter -- Preface -- Contents -- Improving Health in the United States: The Role of Health Impact Assessment -- Summary -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Why We Need Health-Informed Policies and Decision-Making -- 3 Elements of a Health Impact Assessment -- 4 Current Issues and Challenges in the Development and Practice of Health Impact Assessment -- 5 Structures and Policies for Promoting Health Impact Assessment -- Appendix A: Experiences with Health Impact Assessment -- Appendix B: Biographic Information on the Committee on Health Impact Assessment -- Appendix C: Statement of Task of the Committee on Health Impact Assessment -- Appendix D: Glossary -- Appendix E: Summary of Health Impact Assessment Guides -- Appendix F: Analysis of Health Effects under the National Environmental Policy Act.

Covid-19 has affected marginalised children's mental wellbeing, which should shape practitioner support

AbstractUrbanization and urban development, along with the acceleration of population growth, the development of industrial activities or the consumption of fossil fuels has greatly increased the air pollution, with the consequences of it being, in the first place, a variety of diseases and respiratory illnesses, exacerbations of cardiovascular, pulmonary, skin diseases, etc. The inhabitants of cities are noticed. On the other hand, climatic parameters such as humidity, sunshine hours, temperature, and pressure and the amount of solar radiation increases the amount of pollutants in the atmosphere and increases the coefficient of their effect on humans and natural ecosystems. Therefore, by altering the composition of effective gases in the life of the earth's organisms and disturbing their balance, humans injure themselves and the environment, causing wide variations in the climate patterns of the earth, and on the other hand their health and well-being put at risk. In this paper, the relationship between climatic elements with the various diseases in Khoozestan province has been investigated (suspended PM). For this purpose, after the data collection, statistical calculations were carried out and the results were presented as tables and charts and the relationship between one variables with patients were examined. The results show that there is a significant and strong correlation between climatic elements such as temperature, precipitation with several disease.

Health Impact Assessment, HIA is intended to contribute to public health by allowing those who make decisions on behalf of the public to anticipate how those decisions will affect people's health. It is a combination of procedures, methods and tools to be adapted in different contexts to evaluate projects, plans, and policies. The premise of HIA is thus the possibility to foresee impacts; the same is true for Environmental Impact Assessment, as well as Strategic Environmental Assessment. The difference is the inclusion of humans as subjects: local communities often require HIA where high impacts are present or suspected, because HIA produces numbers relating to people that could impact their lives. Here we find the first ethical implication of HIA. It is a decision support tool, based on the inclusion of communities in HIA design and process development; the inclusion of nonexpert knowledge is foreseen by HIA methods through both quantitative and qualitative data collection and evaluation. The roles of actors have to be considered, and their ethical duties linked to their responsibility. In addition, the power vested of assessors and decision-makers also needs to be considered. The ethical duty of assessors is to provide decision-makers with the information needed in order to make ethical decisions, describing existing inequalities, identifying positive and negative impacts under each option, and describing on whom these will fall. HIA involves multiple competencies, among which environmental epidemiology plays a central role. Ethical issues relate specifically to the hypothesis to be tested, which health impacts have to be considered, the scientific strength of evidence produced, the validity of results obtained, as well as the equity and equality considerations along the health-disease continuum. The ethical duty of decision-makers is linked to the responsibility to act and decide, supported by legislation, where the right of the public to information and participation is recognised, and by the practice of openness and transparency required by democracy.

In this book, the health impacts of promoting walking to school as part of a comprehensive health impact assessment (HIA) were examined. The chapter focused on a single area of analysis - physical activity and associated changes in body mass index (BMI). The second chapter of this book reviews the potential health outcomes related to redeveloping a dangerous highway; the third chapter examined noise health impact assessment, with a focus on noise levels, peak levels and reverberation times of playrooms. The authors discuss the practical measures that can be taken for effective noise prevention

Health Impact Assessment (HIA) is primarily concerned with the future consequences of plans, proposals and policies on the health of communities and a complement to Environmental Impact Assessment. The purpose of this book is to introduce the subject using plain language, in both general and specific contexts.

Background: The domestic smoke exposure increases the risk of a range of common and serious diseases. Further, association of exposure with chronic bronchitis and chronic obstructive lung disease is quite well established in recent researches. This work was carried out to determine the health impact of indoor air pollution in rural hill region of Nepal. Methods: A cross-sectional study on health impact of indoor air pollution to exposed kitchen dwellers and children, was done using random sampling method devised with probability proportion in Malikarjun Village Development Committee, Nepal. This study was conducted in two phases, in first phase. Adult kitchen dwellers were assessed for prevalence of respiratory disorder while in second phase, during three months Acute Respiratory Infection episodes of children below two years were recorded. Results: Eight kinds of respiratory ailments and related symptoms were prevalent in adult respondents of 42 households. Cough phlegm, breathlessness, wheezing, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and bronchial asthma were significantly varied with higher exposure category (P<0.05) and smoking habit (P<0.01). Peak expiratory flow rate PEFR results significantly varied with both smoking habit and exposure level both in male and female (P<0.01). Correlation analysis denoted higher prevalence of diseases and symptoms in smokers (r = 0.464; P<0.01). Acute Respiratory Infection episodes per child was significant in grade I (P<0.01) and grade II (P<0.05) for both exposure level and parental smoking habit. Conclusions: A significant association between exposure of Indoor Air Pollution and prevalence of respiratory disorders and related symptoms in kitchen dwelling adults and children was found. Key words: acute respiratory infection; exposure duration; indoor air pollution; prevalence; respiratory disorder. DOI: 10.3126/jnhrc.v7i2.3009 Journal of Nepal Health Research Council Vol.7(2) Apr 2009 69-75