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The program evaluation literature for population and health policies is in flux, with many disciplines documenting biological and behavioral linkages from fetal development to late life mortality, chronic disease, and disability, though their implications for policy remain uncertain. Both macro and micro economics seek to understand and incorporate connections between economic development and the demographic transition. The focus here is on research methods, findings, and questions that economists can clarify regarding the causal relationships between economic development, health outcomes, and reproductive behavior, which operate in many directions, posing problems for identifying causal pathways. The connection between conditions under which people live and their expected lifespan and health status refers to health production functions". The relationships between an individual's stock of health and productivity, well being, and duration of life encompasses the returns to health human capital". The control of reproduction improves directly the well being of women, and the economic opportunities of her offspring. The choice of population policies may be country specific and conditional on institutional setting, even though many advances in biomedical and public health knowledge, including modern methods of birth control, are now widely available. Evaluation of a policy intervention in terms of cost-effectiveness is typically more than a question of technological efficiency, but also the motivation for adoption, and the behavioral responsiveness to the intervention of individuals, families, networks, and communities. Well-specified research strategies are required to address (1) the economic production of health capacities from conception to old age, (2) the wage returns to increasing health status attributable to policy interventions, (3) the conditions affecting fertility, family time allocation, and human capital investments, and (4) the consequences for women and their families of policies which change the timing as well as number of births.

The program evaluation literature for population and health policies is in flux, with many disciplines documenting biological and behavioral linkages from fetal development to late life mortality, chronic disease, and disability, though their implications for policy remain uncertain. Both macro- and microeconomics seek to understand and incorporate connections between economic development and the demographic transition. The focus here is on research methods, findings, and questions that economists can clarify regarding the causal relationships between economic development, health outcomes, and reproductive behavior, which operate in many directions, posing problems for identifying causal pathways. The connection between conditions under which people live and their expected life span and health status refers to health production functions. The relationships between an individual's stock of health and productivity, well-being, and duration of life encompasses the returns to health human capital. The control of reproduction improves directly the well-being of women, and the economic opportunities of her offspring. The choice of population policies may be country specific and conditional on institutional setting, even though many advances in biomedical and public health knowledge, including modern methods of birth control, are now widely available. Evaluation of a policy intervention in terms of cost effectiveness is typically more than a question of technological efficiency, but also the motivation for adoption, and the behavioral responsiveness to the intervention of individuals, families, networks, and communities. Well-specified research strategies are required to address (1) the economic production of health capacities from conception to old age; (2) the wage returns to increasing health status attributable to policy interventions; (3) the conditions affecting fertility, family time allocation, and human capital investments; and (4) the consequences for women and their families of policies which change the timing as well as number of births.

The program evaluation literature for population and health policies is in flux, with many disciplines documenting biological and behavioral linkages from fetal development to late life mortality, chronic disease, and disability, though their implications for policy remain uncertain. Both macro- and microeconomics seek to understand and incorporate connections between economic development and the demographic transition. The focus here is on research methods, findings, and questions that economists can clarify regarding the causal relationships between economic development, health outcomes, and reproductive behavior, which operate in many directions, posing problems for identifying causal pathways. The connection between conditions under which people live and their expected life span and health status refers to "health production functions." The relationships between an individual's stock of health and productivity, well-being, and duration of life encompasses the "returns to health human capital." The control of reproduction improves directly the well-being of women, and the economic opportunities of her offspring. The choice of population policies may be country specific and conditional on institutional setting, even though many advances in biomedical and public health knowledge, including modern methods of birth control, are now widely available. Evaluation of a policy intervention in terms of cost effectiveness is typically more than a question of technological efficiency, but also the motivation for adoption, and the behavioral responsiveness to the intervention of individuals, families, networks, and communities. Well-specified research strategies are required to address (1) the economic production of health capacities from conception to old age; (2) the wage returns to increasing health status attributable to policy interventions; (3) the conditions affecting fertility, family time allocation, and human capital investments; and (4) the consequences for women and their families of policies which change the timing as well as number of births. -- Health ; fertility and family planning ; biology of health human capital ; economic development

Significantly revised and updated, the new Model Child Care Health Policies, 5th Edition is a must-have tool to foster adoption and implemenation of best practices for health and safety in group care settings for young children. These settings include early care and education as well as before and after school child care programs. These model policies are intended to ease the burden of writing site-specific health and safety policies from scratch. They cover a wide range of aspects of operation of early education and child care programs. Contents include: - Admission/Enrollment/Attendance - Supervision and Provision of Social-Emotional Care - Planned Program, Teaching, and Guidance - Nutrition, Food Handling, and Feeding - Physical Activity and Screen Time - Daytime Sleeping, Evening, Nighttime, and Drop-in Care - Sanitation and Hygiene - Environmental Health - Transportation (Motor Vehicle, Bicycle/Tricycle, or Other Wheeled Toys), Pedestrian Safety, and Field Trips - Health Plan - Care of Children and Staff Members Who Are Acutely Ill or Injured - Security - Emergencies and Disasters - Child Abuse and Neglect - Smoking, Prohibited Substances, and Weapons - Human Resources/Personnel Policies - Medication policies - Numerous sample forms.

Examines the need for priority-setting, respect for the patient's consent in health care, World Bank health strategy, medical practice in the Ivory Coast, and public health policy on HIV/AIDS in Africa and Asia; 9 articles.

Cover -- Contents -- List of Tables -- Preface -- 1 Introduction: Politics and Health -- Social Changes and Health Policy -- Policymakers, Citizens, and Policy Analysts -- Conclusion -- PART I: MODELS OF HEALTH CARE SYSTEMS -- 2 The Entrepreneurial Model -- The United States -- Canada -- Conclusion -- 3 The Organic Corporatist Model -- Germany -- The Netherlands -- Japan -- France -- Conclusion -- 4 The Social Democratic Model -- Sweden -- Britain -- Conclusion -- PART II: EXPLANATIONS OF PUBLIC HEALTH PROGRAMS -- 5 Political Culture and the Meaning of Health -- Causal Attributions and Policy Preferences -- Political Opinion and Health Programs -- Conclusion -- 6 Political Power and Policy Changes -- Pluralism: Advocacy Coalitions and Policy Negotiations -- Institutionalism: The State and Social Groups -- Marxism: The State and Class Mobilization -- Conclusion -- 7 Rational Choice and Market Efficiency -- The Meaning of Rationality -- Health Care Markets and Competition: Assumptions vs. Actual Operation -- Efficiency of Health Care Systems: Meaning and Measurement -- Conclusion -- PART III: EVALUATIONS OF HEALTH POLICIES AND OUTCOMES -- 8 Public Policies and Health -- Theory of Social Opportunities -- Social Stratification and the Causes of Health -- The Impact of Public Policies on Health -- Conclusion -- 9 Evaluating Public Health Policies -- Equality -- Effectiveness -- Satisfaction -- Conclusion -- Notes -- Index.

Cover -- Title -- Copyright -- Contents -- Contributors -- Acknowledgements -- 1 Public Health Policies and Priorities in Europe -- 2 Public Health Policy in the European Community -- 3 Public Health and Health Policy in Belgium -- 4 Public Health Policy and Priority Setting in Denmark -- 5 Decision-Making and Priority-Setting in Public Health and Health Care in Germany -- 6 Public Health Policies and Priorities in Greece -- 7 Public Health in Spain -- 8 Decision-Making in Public Health Policy in France -- 9 Public Health Policy and Priorities in Ireland -- 10 Public Health Policies in Italy -- 11 The Health System and Health Policy in Luxembourg -- 12 Public Health and Health Policy in the Netherlands -- 13 Public Health and Health Policy in Austria -- 14 Public Health and Health Care in Portugal -- 15 Finnish Public Health Policy and Health Care in Transition -- 16 Public Health and Priority Setting in Sweden -- 17 Setting Public Health Priorities in the UK -- Index

Across Europe and North America, controversies around the impact of immigration on the welfare state are recurring. Whether they are accused of being triggered to move by benefits or of being a burden on public finance in destination countries, few countries manage to discuss welfare reforms without connecting it to immigration debates. In this paper, we show that the welfare and migration literature's focus on those debates entails that immigrant agency is neglected in the study of welfare reform and so it's the immigrant impact on welfare state reform in the home country. Interpreting empirical data on the experience of two diasporas —Mexicans and Congolese— in homeland health policies, we build a conceptual framework that articulate migration and development and welfare reforms approaches in order to identify the variables that lead to the formal acknowledgement of the diaspora's role in their homeland social protection policies.