Suchergebnisse

[EN] In this paper, a Happiness Index is built through the Human Dignity Respect Index which is explained by Author (2014). The index is created using three main values: development, freedom and equality. But the equality is explained by solidarity, justice and peace. Then, the Happiness Index is developed with this five concepts. The aim of this paper is to obtain the minimum quantitative variables to explain these values as well as to obtain a generic formula, which allows measuring the happiness of a country/region. The term "generic" is introduced because this formula could be extrapolated to any country. The variables to obtain the Development Index are health (Life Expectancy at birth), income (Gross National Income per capita), education (Mean year of schooling and Expected years of schooling) and education quality (Primary school teachers trained to teach, Performance of 15-year-old students in reading, mathematics and science, Pupil–teacher ratio, primary school and Public expenditure on education). The Freedom Index is calculated through Net migration rate, International inbound tourists, Exports and imports and Research and development expenditure. In the case of Solidarity Index, the variables are At-risk-ofpoverty rate, Share of total population living in a dwelling with a leaking roof, damp walls, floors or foundation, or rot in window frames of floor and Material Deprivation rate. Prison population and Homicide rate are the variables which are used to obtain the Peace Index. Finally, the Justice Index is calculated with Police Officers, Professional Judges, Prison population and Crimes and violence. In this work the index is calculated for a selection of countries of European Union (Austria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech, France, Iceland, Latvia, Lithuan, Portugal, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden and United Kingdom). This selection is produced because the data information is not available for all countries. The data information is obtained from EUROSTAT and the Human Development Report (UNDP, 2014). Finally, the ...

PurposeThis paper examines the determinants of happiness index ratings in European countries over 8 time points using unique data from the Eurostat, World Bank and World Happiness Reports.Design/methodology/approachTo examine the determinants of happiness index ratings for EU-27 countries over the period 2012–2019, panel ordinary least square and quantile regression model are used to data obtained from all sample.FindingsEvidence from European data on happiness index generate some important key outcomes; economic outcomes levels with both current taxes and inflation rate have a positively relationship on happiness index ratings (HIR), while total employment rate has a significant negativity on HIR. Additionally, in a quantile panel regression of 27 countries, the impact of financial inclusion on happiness index looks to change with a country's level of income. On the macroeconomic level, gross domestic product (GDP) improves the happiness index for the individual under certain conditions. Thus, GDP on 0.25th quantile levels positively and significantly impacts the HIR for leader countries.Social implicationsEmpirical evidence suggests that macro-economic variables and the labor market proxies of the countries play a key role in determining HIR as well.Originality/valueThe study extends the literature on developed countries and suggestions a particular perspective on the relationship between economic outcomes and happiness index. This study offers two main originalities: it simultaneously examines the "happiness-macroeconomic level" and "happiness-employment status dimension", and it uses a quantile regression approach, including financial inclusion variation.

IN CONCLUDING A RECENT ANALYSIS OF THE CONDITIONS FOR TRADE UNION WAGE RESTRAINT, COLIN CROUCH ASKS 'WHAT NEOCORPORATIST GAIN FOR THEIR MEMBERS IN EXCHANGE FOR RESTRAINT?'. AN ATTEMPT TO ANSWER THIS QUESTION IS MADE, FIRST BY EXAMINING A RANGE OF POLICY OUTCOMES WHICH MAY BE REGARDED AS MEASURES OF POSSIBLE UNION GAINS, AND, SECOND, BY ANALYZING THE PROBLEM IN TERMS OF INDEXES MEASURING POSSIBLE TRADE-OFFS BETWEEN UNION OBJECTIVES. IT IS SUGGESTED THAT AN ANALYSIS IN THESE LATTER TERMS OFFERS A FAR MORE COGENT EXPLANATION OF TRADE UNION WAGE RESTRAINT THAN CAN BE PROVIDED BY LOOKING AT POLICY OUTCOME MEASURES SEPARATELY.

Abstract. In concluding a recent analysis of the conditions for trade union wage restraint, Colin Crouch asks 'what neocorporatist unions gain for their members in exchange for restraint?'. An attempt to answer this question is made, first by examining a range of policy outcomes which may be regarded as measures of possible union gains, and, second, by analyzing the problem in terms of indexes measuring possible trade‐offs between union objectives. It is suggested that an analysis in these latter terms offers a far more cogent explanation of trade union wage restraint than can be provided by looking at policy outcome measures separately.

Objective: The research aims to study the correlation of happiness and online media use of the students of West Bengal and predict the level of influence that digital media can have on students' happiness. Introduction: Digital technology has transformed the way the present generation navigates through life and form connections with each other. The years after 2010 in particular have shown a massive decline in terms of happiness which failed to rebound to the 1990s level. In fact, both adults and teens reported that they felt far less happy and satisfied, which was prevalent even till 2000 also. Incidences of low psychological well-being were prominent, besides deterioration of physical health.