Suchergebnisse

This book explores sleepiness in our 24-hour society, from the new HuIA point of view. Covers physiology and pathophysiology of sleep, daytime alertness, fatigue and drugs, the relevance of sleep-related fatigue in occupational settings and public safety.

The human species has evolved to dominate the biosphere: global anthropomass is now an order of magnitude greater than the mass of all wild terrestrial mammals. As a result, our dependence on harvesting the products of photosynthesis for food, animal feed, raw materials, and energy has grown to make substantial global impacts. During the past two millennia these harvests, and changes of land use due to deforestation and conversions of grasslands and wetlands, have reduced the stock of global terrestrial plant mass by as much as 45 percent, with the twentieth‐century reduction amounting to more than 15 percent. Current annual harvests of phytomass have been a significant share of the global net primary productivity (NPP, the total amount of new plant tissues created by photosynthesis). Some studies put the human appropriation of NPP (the ratio of these two variables) as high as 40 percent but the measure itself is problematic. Future population growth and improved quality of life will result in additional claims on the biosphere, but options to accommodate these demands exist without severely compromising the irreplaceable biospheric services.

Intro -- ESTUARIES -- ESTUARIES -- CONTENTS -- FOREWORD -- REFERENCES -- PREFACE -- GLOSSARY OF SCIENTIFIC NAMES AND TECHNICAL TERMS -- INTRODUCTION TO ESTUARIES -- ABSTRACT -- INTRODUCTION -- DEFINITIONS AND PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF ESTUARIES -- CHEMISTRY OF ESTUARIES -- BIOLOGY AND ECOLOGY OF ESTUARIES -- ESTUARIES AND SOCIETY -- DISCLAIMER -- REFERENCES -- CLASSIFICATION FOR ESTUARINE ECOSYSTEMS: A REVIEW AND COMPARISON OF SELECTED CLASSIFICATION SCHEMES -- ABSTRACT -- INTRODUCTION -- CLASSIFICATION SCHEMES FOR COASTAL ENVIRONMENTS -- Cowardin et al. (1979) -- Ecoregions -- Dethier (1992) -- Brown (1993) -- National Estuarine Eutrophication Assessment (NEEA) Typology -- Allee et al. (2000) -- Brown (2002) -- Madley (2002) -- BIOMAR -- EUNIS -- Coastal and Marine Ecosystem Classification Standard (CMECS) -- National Estuarine Research Reserve System (NERRS) -- Greene et al. (2007) -- Valentine et al. (2005) -- Classification Framework for Coastal Systems -- Estuary Environment Classification -- TESTING SELECTED HABITAT CLASSIFICATION SCHEMES: A CASE STUDY -- Methods -- Results -- Case Study Conclusions -- RECOMMENDATIONS FOR SELECTING AND DEVELOPING CLASSIFICATION TOOLS FOR RESOURCE MANAGERS -- Identify Objectives -- Consider the Scale -- Consider the Extent -- Consider the Data -- Know the Environments, Stressors, and Possible Impacts that May Be Observed -- Consider Biology -- Consistent Nomenclature and Coding -- Technical Advisory Group -- Implementation -- CONCLUSIONS -- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS -- REFERENCES -- TAGUS ESTUARY SALT MARSH STRUCTURE AND DYNAMICS: A HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVE -- ABSTRACT -- INTRODUCTION: SALT MARSHES -- THE TAGUS ESTUARY: A CASE STUDY -- PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF THE SEDIMENTS -- EVOLUTION OF METAL CONTAMINATION IN TAGUS SALT MARSH SEDIMENTS -- NITROGEN CONCENTRATION IN SEDIMENTS.