Suchergebnisse

AbstractClinicians working with HIV‐infected patients must be aware of special psychopharmacological interventions.

Shortly after the first reports on the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) in the United States, it became clear that the disease was also particularly frequent in Haitians living in North America (Pitcheniket at., 1983; Curranet al., 1985) and in Africans seen in Europe for medical care (Katlamaet al., 1984; Clumecket al., 1984). Subsequently, surveys in Haiti and in Central Africa confirmed the occurrence of epidemic foci of AIDS in these areas (Papeet al., 1983; Malebrancheet al., 1983; Piotet al., 1984; Van de Perreet al., 1984).

Mental Health and HIV Infection provides an up-to-date overview of the mental health consequences and of the kind of psychological, psychopharmaological and community forms of intervention available to deal with the adverse psychological effects of HIV infection. Divided into three parts, the book examines psychological and brain-related consequences of HIV infection, key areas of intervention, and three areas of controversial debate: euthanasia, psychoimmunology and complementary therapies. Assuming no specialist psychological, psychiatric or medical knowledge, this book is important reading

"Although the pathogenesis of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection and the general virologic and immunologic principles underlying the use of antiretroviral therapy are similar for all HIV-infected persons, there are unique considerations needed for HIV-infected infants, children, and adolescents, including a) acquisition of infection through perinatal exposure for many infected children; b) in utero exposure to zidovudine (ZDV) and other antiretroviral medications in many perinatally infected children; c) differences in diagnostic evaluation in perinatal infection; d) differences in immunologic markers (e.g., CD4+ T-lymphocyte count) in young children; e) changes in pharmacokinetic parameters with age caused by the continuing development and maturation of organ systems involved in drug metabolism and clearance; f) differences in the clinical and virologic manifestations of perinatal HIV infection secondary to the occurrence of primary infection in growing, immunologically immature persons; and g) special considerations associated with adherence to treatment for children and adolescents. This report addresses the pediatric-specific issues associated with antiretroviral treatment and provides guidelines to health-care providers caring for infected infants, children, and adolescents." ; "April 17, 1998." ; "These guidelines were developed by the Working Group on Antiretroviral Therapy and Medical Management of HIV-Infected Children convened by the National Pediatric and Family HIV Resource Center . the Health Resources and Services Administration . and the National Institutes of Health . The Co-Chairs of the Working Group were James Oleske . and Gwendolyn B. Scott ."--P. ii. ; "U.S. Government Printing Office: 1998-633-228/67064 Region IV."--P. [4] of cover. ; Includes bibliographical references (p. 28-31).

AbstractIn addition to physical and psychological effects, HIV infection can produce neuropsychiatric signs and symptoms. Clinicians working with HIV‐infected patients should be familiar with the multiple pathological changes with which it can be associated.

AbstractThis chapter reviews the associations between substance use, comorbid psychiatric disorders, and HIV risk behaviors; the prevalence of substance use disorders among HIV‐positive individuals in treatment settings; the medical, psychiatric, and substance abuse treatment of individuals with substance use disorders and HIV infection; and finally, HIV risk reduction among substance abusers.

One of the most promising new approaches for the prevention of HIV transmission, particularly for developing countries, involves topical, self-administered products known as microbicides. The development of microbicides is a long and complicated process, and this volume provides an overview of all the critical areas, from the selection of appropriate candidate molecules and their formulation, preclinical and clinical testing for safety and efficacy, strategies for product registration and finally, issues associated with product launch, distribution and access. The book will prove valuable to both those working in the field and all others who are interested in learning more about this product class, which has the potential to significantly impact the future of this devastating epidemic.

AbstractMental health professionals must be familiar with medical aspects of AIDS in order to understand its emotional and physical consequences for patients and their social networks.

Introduction: Hematological abnormalities are common in people with HIV infection. These abnormalities may be due to HIV infection itself, opportunistic infections, HIV-related malignancies, or secondary to the treatments used in HIV infection. Material and method: We report a retrospective study spread over a period of 3 years, relating to patients whose haematological assessment was sent to the laboratory of the Avicenne military hospital in Marrakech. We included in this study, all HIV-positive patients. Excluded were HIV-positive patients for whom the myelogram was not requested. Results: 20 HIV positive patients whose myelogram was sent to the hematology laboratory. The average age was 37.46 years. The sex ratio was 0.5. Anemia was observed in 80% of patients. The most predominant type of anemia was normochromic normocytic anemia, found in 42% of cases. The total number of leukocytes ranged from 1,500 to 19,000 cells / mm3. The number of platelets varied from 20,000 to 500,000 / mm3. The blood smear was performed in all of our patients and who showed globular abnormalities. 2 smears had revealed the presence of lymphoblasts. The myelogram showed images of activated macrophages without hemophagocytosis in 25% of the cases, a macrophagic activation syndrome in 20% of the patients and an acute lymphoblastic leukemia type Burkitt in 10% of the marrow. The bone marrow was mostly reactive (45%). Conclusion: Haematological manifestations are frequent in patients infected with HIV. These abnormalities must be managed to reduce the patient's morbidity.