Suchergebnisse

Purpose: Based on World Trade Organization (WTO) Agreement, Indonesia had an obligation to conduct international trade based on the liberalization principle. The International Trade should conduct non-discrimination among member states, except there is a condition fulfilled under the general exception. One of the exceptions is about international standards related to Sanitary and Phytosanitary Measures. This article will elaborate on what extend Government policy and regulation should support international trade by complying with the international framework. Methodology: The method used in this research is the Analytical Descriptive Survey Method. The data collection technique used is a phased sampling process (Multistage Stratified Random Sampling) by taking into account the complexity of the population gradually from the Population Cluster to the farmer stage. In the final determination of the farmers that will be sampled, two non-probability sampling schemes, Judgment Sampling, and Snowball Sampling are used. Main Findings: Based on the search from secondary data, it was obtained that the development of nutmeg potential in Maluku, in its area, number of farmers, and production for five years (2012-2016) experienced fluctuations, in which it increased in 2016. Implications/Applications: The development of the nutmeg industry in the Maluku Islands requires various programs aimed at improving the quality and productivity of nutmeg commodity so that it can ensure the continuity of supply chains and the sustainability of nutmeg industry development. Some of the programs are suggested after careful analysis of the data obtained. Novelty/Originality: The combination of technical and social aspects is compiled within the Geographic Information System and spatially visualized, then can be classified comprehensively into a zone of nutmeg presence in the Maluku Islands. The Information of Nutmeg condition in several areas with spatial technique analysis is useful to the development of supporting infrastructure, capacity building of nutmeg farmer society, nutmeg industries, and Government Policy of Maluku Province to develop their nutmeg product.

The policy regulation itself is one of the government instruments, tools, or facilities used by the government or state administration officials to carry out government tasks. This policy regulation is a consequence of the welfare law state, which imposes a complete task to achieve people's welfare following the welfare state's goals. However, in its development, the policy regulations that were initially intended and needed to carry out government duties cannot be separated from the conflict with other legal norms and other legal problems.

Government debt is high in most developed countries, and while it may reflect short-term attempts to kick-start the economy in times of crisis through fiscal stimulus, the longer-term consequences risk being detrimental to investment and growth. This makes it important to identify factors that are associated with debt. While previous studies have related government debt to economic and political variables, they have not incorporated the degree to which the economy is regulated. Using regulatory freedom (absence of detailed regulation of labor, business and credit) from the Economic Freedom of the World index, we conduct an empirical analysis covering up to 67 countries in the period 1975-2010. The main finding is that regulatory freedom, especially for credit, affects debt development negatively. The effect is more pronounced when the political system is fractionalized and characterized by strong veto institutions, indicating policy stability and credibility, and when governments have a right-wing ideology.

Ҳозирги даврда мамлакатимизда макро ва микро даражада иқтисодий ривожланишнинг асосий омили ҳисобланган инвестиция сиёсати масалаларига катта эътибор қаратилмоқда. Давлатнинг инвестиция сиёсатида инвестициялар учун реал имкониятлар ва шароитларни яратишни назарда тутади ва инвестиция бозорида давлатнинг самарали иштироки унинг ривожланишини рағбатлантиради. Давлат жамиятдаги инвестиция фаолиятига катта таъсир кўрсатади ва шунинг учун динамик иқтисодий муҳитда қулай инвестиция муҳитини яратиш учун мақсадли равишда тегишли инвестиция сиёсати воситаларини яратиш зарурати мавжуд.

Discusses the development of a 'regulation approach' to the interpretation and explanation of change in local government in Britain during the 1970s and 1980s. Suggests that the approach provides important insights into the nature of contemporary political change including developments in the local state. (RSM)

Argues that risk assessment, supposedly the scientific component of risk regulation (as opposed to risk management, the policy component), cannot be very scientific because too little is known. Risk assessment relies on conventions promulgated by bureaucrats or on the professional judgments of scientific experts, which reflect not only scientific knowledge, but also policy judgments & cultural values. Inadequate scientific knowledge, & the lack of public trust in government & in experts, should induce risk regulators to not only institutional arrangements likely to foster trust, but also mechanisms for providing concerned individuals with credible reassurance. The divergences between public perceptions & expert perceptions of risks, & the weights that a democratic society should give to each in assessing & managing risks, are addressed. 1 Table. Adapted from the source document.