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Purpose: The goal of the study is to analyze model of government financing for small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in Switzerland in order to apply its advanced experience to improve the system of federal financial support for SMEs in Russia. Design/Methodology/Approach: Brewer and Hunter's approach was used to carry out an analysis of state financial support. Findings: The findings suggest that the modern system of government financial support for SMEs in Switzerland is flexible and capable of effectively resisting financial crises and changes in global market conditions. Switzerland has one of the most powerful and secure banking systems in the world and modern scientific and educational capabilities based on its world famous universities. These conditions are self-sufficient in the innovative development of the economy, focusing on their own financial resources and the national scientific and educational environment. Practical Implications: The experience of Switzerland can be applied in Russia to develop effective mechanisms for integrating academic and university sciences with public and private commercial industrial partners in order to accelerate the commercialization of scientific research. Such government policy instruments will make it possible to increase the level of state interaction in the sphere of education and science with the business sector, resolve the shortage of qualified specialists and accelerate the process of commercialization of research and development (R&D). Originality/Value: The advanced approaches of the Swiss model of public financing for the SME sector can be applied in developing countries, especially in those with limited mineral and labor resources, and in implementing strategies to boost the ratio of SMEs in the economy and their contribution to it. ; peer-reviewed

The aim of the article was to analyse the available approaches to the formation and implementation of governmental financial support for enterprises in the period of global threats. The research methodology is based on the identification of key risks and their nature; graphical method of classification of fiscal constraints; construction of scatter diagram; methods of sociological study and comparison of groups; grouping of the main approaches to government policy. The results identified the dependence of fiscal instruments of government support on the possibility of internal indebtedness and external economic problems in middle and low-income countries. The conclusions of the case identified the most effective instruments of government financial policy as a whole and by economic groups of countries and economic sectors. Finally, the need to expand the financial instruments of governmental support of enterprises in view of the consequences of the Russian aggression in Ukraine is emphasized.

The principal of horizontal equity can be interpreted as requiring that households with the same pre-transfer incomes and the same consumption needs should receive the same post-transfer incomes. We argue the generosity of government financial support to families with children should be analysed with respect to such a baseline. Although not without problems, equivalence scales form an important part of such a procedure. The comparison of financial support to families with children with a corresponding equivalence scale, both over time and between countries, should give a more accurate picture of generosity than comparisons of cash values alone. We discuss potential advantages and drawbacks of such comparisons, illustrating with comparisons of the US and UK systems. The main drawback is that we can only evaluate the generosity of support for children relative to that for adults. With this restriction, horizontal equity is more likely to be achieved for couples with 1 child than for those with 2 children. For some groups, the US is more generous to children (relative to adults) than the UK, but this difference is partly generated by the US system being less generous to childless households than the UK.

This commentary describes the changes to the structure of child-contingent support through the tax and benefit system since 1975. It also presents new results, which were produced to quantify explicitly the amount of government support for families with children, using representative samples of families from over the past three decades. With these data, it is possible to examine whether child-contingent support has become more or less progressive, or more or less slanted towards large families, lone-parents families or families with young children.

The aim of this study is to determine the impact of networking on SME's ability to access government financial support through legal channels in Asia Pacific. This study is quantitative in nature in which the data has been gathered from 281 employees and managers working in SMEs through survey questionnaire. The SEM technique was utilised for the purpose of analysing and testing the mediation effect. The study found that there is a partial mediation of government financial support through legal channels among the relationship between networking with officers and access to finance. This study is restricted to the SMEs operating in the region of Asia Pacific.

This paper makes an empirical analysis of the role of student loan by commercial banks in financing the estimated budgetary subsidy to general collegiate education by Government and Private Aided colleges in Karnataka State (India). A major estimation result shows that the maximum total fee collectable, as a percentage of total estimated subsidy, is equal to 4.22 (or 4.74) percent in Government (or Private Aided) Colleges in 2000-01. Consequently, student fee revision, as a single instrument for total reduction of the budgetary subsidy is found to be inappropriate, even if it is entirely financed by student loan. The policy framework for analysis of linkage between student loan and regional fiscal policy in this paper is of special relevance for other states within India as well as for other developing countries, where the regional governments face the problem of reducing budgetary support to higher education through student loan scheme. In addition, the description of Indian model of student loan is useful for comparative studies in international education.

This research examines the influence of government financial support on new firms' performance. Extant empirical research on the topic has found mixed results, which warrants an exploration of the theoretical basis for the impact of support policies on new firms' performance. Grounding the theoretical model in the resource-based view and institutional theories, this study contends that performance outcomes - e.g., revenues or profits - should not be the first outcomes of public policies to be examined. Instead, competitive advantage formation is suggested as a link between support policies and new firms' performance. Using new firms from the U.S., we examine the impact of government financial support measures - government loans, guarantees and government equity - on firms' overall competitive advantage and more specific types of competitive advantage based on innovation, licensing-in, marketing, and human capital. Controlling for family funding, bank financing, equity of business angels and venture capitalists, industry, size, as well as entrepreneur's characteristics, the results reveal that government guarantees and government equity have a direct effect on new firms' competitive advantage and only an indirect impact on performance. Our results suggest to policy makers to focus on helping new firms build the necessary capabilities to compete successfully in the marketplace.

Peruvian households have experienced one of the most prevalent economic shocks due to COVID-19, significantly increasing their vulnerability to food insecurity (FI). To understand the vulnerability characteristics of these households among the Peruvian young population, including the role of the government's response through emergency cash transfer, we analysed longitudinal data from the Young Lives study (n = 2026), a study that follows the livelihoods of two birth cohorts currently aged 18 to 27 years old. FI was assessed using the Food Insecurity Experience Scale. Household characteristics were collected before and during the COVID-19 outbreak in Peru to characterise participants' vulnerability to FI. Multivariate logistic regression was used to evaluate the association between government support and participants' vulnerability characteristics to FI. During the period under study (March to December 2020), 24% (95% CI: 22.1–25.9%) of the participants experienced FI. Families in the top wealth tercile were 49% less likely to experience FI. Larger families (>5 members) and those with increased household expenses and decreased income due to COVID-19 were more likely to experience FI (by 35%, 39% and 42%, respectively). There was no significant association between government support and FI (p = 0.768). We conclude that pre-pandemic socioeconomic status, family size, and the economic disruption during COVID-19 contribute to the risk of FI among the Peruvian young population, while government support insufficiently curtailed the risk to these households.

Peruvian households have experienced one of the most prevalent economic shocks due to COVID-19, significantly increasing their vulnerability to food insecurity (FI). To understand the vulnerability characteristics of these households among the Peruvian young population, including the role of the government's response through emergency cash transfer, we analysed longitudinal data from the Young Lives study (n = 2026), a study that follows the livelihoods of two birth cohorts currently aged 18 to 27 years old. FI was assessed using the Food Insecurity Experience Scale. Household characteristics were collected before and during the COVID-19 outbreak in Peru to char-acterise participants' vulnerability to FI. Multivariate logistic regression was used to evaluate the association between government support and participants' vulnerability characteristics to FI. During the period under study (March to December 2020), 24% (95% CI: 22.1–25.9%) of the participants experienced FI. Families in the top wealth tercile were 49% less likely to experience FI. Larger families (>5 members) and those with increased household expenses and decreased income due to COVID-19 were more likely to experience FI (by 35%, 39% and 42%, respectively). There was no significant association between government support and FI (p = 0.768). We conclude that pre-pan-demic socioeconomic status, family size, and the economic disruption during COVID-19 contribute to the risk of FI among the Peruvian young population, while government support insufficiently curtailed the risk to these households. © 2021 by the author. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. ; Funding: This research was funded by PROCIENCIA (CONCYTEC/FONDECYT), the British Embassy, the MRC grant (MR/S024778/1) and Newton Fund, grant number 030-2019.