Suchergebnisse

Flue gas emissions have had a major impact on our environment, both as greenhouse gasses and due to their acidification properties. Removal of NOx gasses is largely performed by the state-of-the-art SCR method. However, a common byproduct of the SCR reaction is N2O, which cannot be removed by the SCR catalyst. In this course, I have studied new and promising SCR catalysts as well as potent catalysts for efficient removal of N2O. By providing an efficient N2O catalyst, it is our hope that further reduction of greenhouse gasses may be possible.

THE ARTICLE EXAMINES THE CURRENT--OFTEN HYSTERICAL--CLAIMS ABOUT GLOBAL WARMING, THE "GREENHOUSE EFFECT." IT CONCLUDES THAT THE THREAT OF GLOBAL WARMING IS SIGNIFICANTLY EXAGGERATED AND POSSIBLY DUE TO OTHER FACTORS THAN INCREASED "GREENHOUSE GASSES" IN THE ATMOSPHERE. HOWEVER, THE POSSIBILITY OF THE DEVASTATING CONSEQUENCES OF GLOBAL TEMPERATURE RISE DO JUSTIFY U.S. MEASURES TO REDUCE THE AMOUNT OF CO2 ADDED TO THE ATMOSPHERE.

This paper assesses the role of agriculture as potential source or sink for greenhouse gasses. The authors evaluate the impacts of international mitigation agreements on the agricultural sector. They discuss emission trading markets, the marginal cost of agricultural carbon sequestration versus non-agricultural abatement options, and the long term outlook for agricultures role. They suggest that the benefits of agricultural mitigation strategies may decrease over time as other industries develop low-cost technology for reducing emissions.

AbstractThis paper investigates the relationship between greenhouse gas emissions, energy consumption, and output growth among African OPEC countries (Libya, Nigeria, Angola, Algeria, Equatorial Guinea, and Gabon) using the panel autoregressive distributed lag model (PARDL) estimated by means of mean group (MG) and pooled mean group (PMG) for the period 1970–2016. The paper estimated three panel models comprising the components of greenhouse gasses which includes nitrous oxide, carbon dioxide (CO2), and methane and examined their relationship with economic growth and energy consumption. The findings of the study showed evidence of a positive impact of economic growth on both CO2 and methane emissions in the long run. Its impact on nitrous oxide emissions although positive was found to be statistically insignificant. Energy consumption was also found to produce an insignificant positive impact on CO2, methane, and nitrous oxide emissions in the long run. In the short run, economic growth exerts a significant positive effect on methane emissions; however, its effect on CO2 and nitrous oxide emissions although positive was found to be statistically insignificant. Energy consumption produces an insignificant impact on all components of greenhouse gasses in the short run. In addition, our empirical results showed the presence of a non-linear relationship between methane emissions and economic growth, confirming the existence of the environmental Kuznets curve (EKC) only in the case of methane emissions model.

We present a framework to identify and evaluate marginal tax reforms when merit good arguments and environmental concerns are given explicit consideration. It is applied to the Norwegian indirect tax system for 1999. The analysis shows that the reform passed in Parliament in November 2000 had a clear redistributive profile: a lowering of the VAT rate on food items and the introduction of a VAT on services benefits households in the lowest seven deciles while the upper three deciles got worse off. But we also argue that the aggregate demand responses triggered an increase in greenhouse gasses. Next, we show that if the 2000 reform had been complemented with tax rates rate changes on other products, it could have made every decile better off. Finally, we present socially optimal reforms, under different weights on inequality and the environment.

This paper surveys some recent studies on conventional air pollution and climate change in the transport sector in Europe. Fuel efficiency standards, car emission standards and transport pricing instruments are analysed from an economic perspective taking into account environmental and economic efficiency objectives.