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This study assesses the relationship between tribalism (the tribalism index) and government effectiveness (per the World Bank) in 60 countries using cross-sectional data. This study finds that countries with high tribal populations generally enjoy bad governance in terms of government ineffectiveness. Government ineffectiveness and tribalism are found to mutually reinforce each other in a robust relationship.

This study focuses on government activity and social trust, and analyzes the effects of government effectiveness as well as the subjective recognition on the responsiveness, commitment, integrity, and democracy of government. It uses the data of 49,807 respondents from 34 countries (38 regions) in the 2014 Citizenship II survey of International Social Survey Programme, and the Worldwide Governance Indicators by the World Bank. Using hierarchical linear modeling, it shows the positive effects of government effectiveness, democracy, and GDP per capita at the national level on the respondents' social trust. At the individual level, the corruption and democracy of government are significantly associated with social trust. Among the control variables, participation in a group (sports, leisure or cultural), a voluntary association or an interest group (trade union, business, or professional), and degree are positively related to social trust, but sex, age, and participation in political party, or religious organization are not significant. This result means that both the contextual factor on government activity at the national level and the subjective recognition at the individual level are related to social trust, and shows the possibility that the government may contribute to enhance the level of social trust when it conducts properly its own roles. Finally, it discusses the limitations of this study as well as its academic and practical implications.

Do budget institutions play a role in explaining why government effectiveness is higher in some advanced countries than in others? Employing an original panel dataset that spans four different years (1991, 2003, 2007 and 2012) we find that budget centralization has a negative and significant effect on government effectiveness in OECD countries after accounting for a list of control variables such as GDP per capita and government expenditure in addition to country and year fixed effects. We show that less centralized countries display significant better performance in health and infrastructure but similar effectiveness in tax collections. The negative impact of budget centralization seems to bite especially at the execution stage of the budgeting process, while it is not significant at the formulation and legislation stages. These results survive a list of sensitivity tests.

IFPRI3; ISI; CRP2; F Strengthening institutions and governance ; DSGD; PIM ; PR ; CGIAR Research Program on Policies, Institutions, and Markets (PIM)

SUMMARYMore than a decade after becoming a buzzword on the development agenda, governance remains a high priority for the international donor community. This article provides an introduction and overview of key findings from the United Nations University—World Institute for Development Economics Research symposium on "Aiding Government Effectiveness in Developing Countries." This symposium moves beyond traditional debates about whether aid supports or undermines "good governance" in the aggregate to instead focus on donor interventions in two interrelated governance domains. The first domain examines donor efforts to augment government effectiveness at providing key services to citizens by national and local authorities. Three studies in the collection therefore focus on policing, regulation, and civic education. The second addresses the underlying administrative and financial institutions and processes that facilitate service delivery. Relevant papers in this regard address decentralization, civil service reform, and taxation. In assessing what we know about "what works?" and "what could work?" across these core areas of governance, the contributions shed new light on several key themes, including the dilemma of reconciling governance with ownership, the importance of identifying exactly how context and sequencing matters, and the weaknesses in existing donor evaluation methods. © 2014 The Authors. Public Administration and Development published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.