Suchergebnisse

In the light of new European energy-climate package and its measures for increasing security of supply, decreasing the impact on environment and stimulating sustainable development with special emphasis on job creation and regional growth, Croatia as a future EU member state, needs to reconsider and develop new energy policy towards energy efficiency and renewable energy sources, in order to comply with all of the presented tasks. Planning future energy demand, considering various policy options like regulation, fiscal and financial measures, becomes one of the crucial issues of future national energy strategy. This paper analyses Croatian long term energy demand and its effect on the future national GHG emissions. For that purpose the national energy demand model was constructed (NeD model). The model is comprised out of six modules each representing one sector, following Croatian national energy balance; industry, transport, households, services, agriculture and construction. For three of the modules (industry, transport and households) previously developed long term energy demand models were used, while for the remaining three new models were constructed. As an additional feature, new GHG module was assembled and added to the NeD model covering all six sectors and calculating its emissions. The model is based on bottom up approach, where data was available, which combines and process large number of input data at the end use level. NeD model was used to present different future GHG mitigation paths, based on the implementation of various energy policies. Results obtained in this paper were also compared to Croatian National Energy Strategy for the years 2020 and 2030. It was shown that if already implemented policies are properly taken into account the actual final energy demand for 2030 will be 43% lower than forecast by the Croatian National Energy Strategy.

PurposeThis impact pathway manuscript motivates and guides operations and supply chain management (OSCM) researchers to deeply consider the role of suppliers in greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions reduction. It prompts a reconsideration and update of their understanding of climate change in their research and the positive influence that research could have, specifically on reducing GHG emissions and slowing climate disasters.Design/methodology/approachThe authors use qualitative research methods, including a literature review, interviews with NGOs, focus groups with purchasing professionals and in-depth case studies.FindingsThe results provide insights into purchasing's role in the engagement of suppliers in GHG emissions reduction efforts as organizations begin to advance the sustainability journey toward suppliers' emissions reduction and their contribution to improvements in supply chain GHG emissions. The paper calls for more actionable academic research that can contribute to theory and practice.Research limitations/implicationsThis impact pathway article discusses how the topic of GHG supply chain emissions reduction is viewed in both research and practice. The current dire state of the environment and purchasing and supply chain involvement in GHG emissions reduction initiatives points to the need to develop impactful research. The paper closes with guidance on potential future research opportunities.Practical implicationsThe pressure on companies to reduce their GHG emissions has never been more significant, and companies have never before made as many public commitments to reduce their GHG emissions both internally and across the supply chain as they are making today. Managers must truly understand their role in reducing GHG emissions and their supply chain implications.Social implicationsGHG emissions reduction and associated climate change are top issues on the global climate agenda. Reducing emissions (and related climate change) has important positive implications for human health. This is especially true among underrepresented communities, which tend to be disproportionately impacted by living and working in weather-exposed climates with poor air quality.Originality/valueThe authors aim to stimulate new research and discussion through this pathway paper. The climate crisis is real, and the world is missing its GHG reduction targets. If companies limit their efforts and continue to make excuses, the world will continue its path to climate disaster.

Abstract The Graphics Industry has existed for many years and its operations include digital printing services, visual communication, packaging supplies and advertising materials, while being involved in the trade of goods and services worldwide. This unprecedented study presents the quantification of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from a printing industry in Brazil over the three years 2016, 2017 and 2018. From the results of these three years, the base year was defined as the reference for analyzing the results of a GHGs mitigation plan. The simulated Mitigation Plan foresees a potential reduction of up to 50.3 % of these emissions. The methodology follows the recommendations of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC). The work aims to encourage the study of opportunities for a low-carbon economy and production, to improve performance in good sustainability practices in the face of environmental demands to contain the intensification of the greenhouse effect and global warming.

The dairy sector is a significant source of anthropogenic greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. The increasingly robust emission inventories allow researchers to consider mitigation. However, there is a gap in knowledge regarding the extent to which mitigation research has been implemented as policy. The authors undertook a systematic a review of national-level dairy policy of 23 countries broadly following Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) protocols. The aim of the study was to identify international trends in dairy sector GHG emission reduction policy. Sampled countries included the 12 countries with the highest quantity of dairy sector enteric methane emission and 11 Annex I countries with the largest number of dairy cattle per capita. A total of 34 documents were collated containing 62 policies across five themes. Themes included: nutrition, manure, health, breeding and management. Thirty-one policies were identified for both the high emission nations and Annex I nations with the largest number of dairy cattle per capita. Nutrition based interventions account for 36% (n=11) of all policies identified for high emitting nations. Manure based interventions account for 48% (n=15) of all policies identified for Annex I nations with the largest number of dairy cattle per capita. Across the sample, policymakers favoured manure management strategies (n=24), particularly anaerobic digestion which accounted for 21% (n=13) of all identified policies. Nutrition based mitigation strategies were also preferred (n=17). Policies aimed at reducing sector size were largely ignored (n=4). The results indicate that significant mitigation is unlikely as manure emissions are only a small portion of total dairy sector emissions. The study concludes that policymakers are selecting the less politically sensitive mitigation strategies at the cost of emission reduction.

The quantification of the effect of climate change mitigation actions is avery useful exercise that can be used to meet a variety of objectives, such asinforming policy design, enhancing policy implementation, assessing policyeffectiveness, justifying budget allocation, and attracting climate finance. Itis also a reporting requirement according to the reporting framework of theUnited Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) andthe Monitoring Mechanism Regulation of the European Union (EU) aboutclimate change relevant information. However, the reporting of emissionssavings associated to mitigation actions by EU Member States is not com-plete, according to recent technical reports of the European EnvironmentalAgency. The purpose of this paper is to present a methodological frameworkthat can be used to quantify the effect (i.e. emission reductions) of themitigation actions. It is based on comprehensive and transparent models andformulas that could be easily tracked and reproduced. The proposed frame-work could be easily applied by EU Member States, but also by other non-EUcountries, to enhance the reporting of climate change related informationto European Commission and UN bodies. By applying the methodologicalframework for Greece, as a case study, it was possible to estimate the effectof implemented policies and measures for historical years (ex-post analysis),but also to estimate the projected effect (ex-ante analysis) of implemented,adopted and planned policies for future years (e.g. 2030).

Voluntary agreements for energy efficiency improvement and reduction of energy-related greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions have been a popular policy instrument for the industrial sector in industrialized countries since the 1990s. A number of these national-level voluntary agreement programs are now being modified and strengthened, while additional countries -- including some recently industrialized and developing countries -- are adopting these type of agreements in an effort to increase the energy efficiency of their industrial sectors. Voluntary agreement programs can be roughly divided into three broad categories: 1) programs that are completely voluntary, 2) programs that use the threat of future regulations or energy/GHG emissions taxes as a motivation for participation, and 3) programs that are implemented in conjunction with an existing energy/GHG emissions tax policy or with strict regulations. A variety of government-provided incentives as well as penalties are associated with these programs. This paper reviews 23 energy efficiency or GHG emissions reduction voluntary agreement programs in 18 countries, including countries in Europe, the U.S., Canada, Australia, New Zealand, Japan, South Korea, and Chinese Taipei (Taiwan) and discusses preliminary lessons learned regarding program design and effectiveness. The paper notes that such agreement programs, in which companies inventory and manage their energy use and GHG emissions to meet specific reduction targets, are an essential first step towards GHG emissions trading programs.

The political debate on raising EU's greenhouse gas (GHG) emission reduction target for 2030 from at least 40 percent up to 55 percent or even higher is in full swing. While the European Commission has proposed to reduce emissions by at least 55 percent below 1990 levels, the European Parliament went a step further and adopted a target of 60 percent emissions reductions. This paper intends to enrich ongoing debates on the "how" the EU could commit to a 2030 mitigation objective, with the highest ambition possible as committed to the Paris Agreement.