Suchergebnisse

Kenntnisse über Datenschutzgesetze und Kenntnis der unabhängigen Datenschutzbehörde. Kenntnisse über den Schutz persönlicher Daten.

Biomedical research is crucial for any country's progress and the health of its ethnic population. This effort needs to be sustained and well supported for it to bear optimum results. The major stakeholders in medical research are the general public, patients, researchers, physicians (and medical institutions), the pharmaceutical industry, regulatory authorities, and the government. Much of the pressure to perform cutting edge research in developed countries is driven by the general public; however, this has been conspicuous by its absence in India. This is largely due to misconceptions that medical research in developing countries is an experimental exercise using human beings as guinea pigs, primarily benefiting only the pharmaceutical industry and a general lack of awareness about the importance of original research within the country. This editorial addresses various issues related to public involvement in biomedical research and suggests the need for solutions and imperative remedial measures.

Internetnutzung.

Forming the Question The GNU General Public Licenses are the most widely used open source software licenses worldwide. According to a license breakdown statistics from freshmeat.net, one of the largest software repositories, some 70 percent of applications that are released under an open source license carry that of GNU1. Here, the reference to the GNU General Public Licenses is made in plural, for there are in all three GNU software licenses: a) the GNU General Public License (GPL), b) the GNU Lesser General Public License (LGPL) and c) the GNU Affero General Public License (AGPL)2. Of these, the GPL is far and away the most popular. The prevalence of the LGPL is approximately one tenth thereof, and the latest entrant, AGPL, is still rather marginal, albeit increasingly used latterly.3 Each of the licenses has, however, its intended use and, in that regard, particular contractual provisions and effects, which naturally influence the potential penetration. Such elements form the very research problem of this study, so that at this stage it suffices to say that, on average, the GPL is used for programs, the LGPL for libraries and the AGPL for software that is commonly run over a network. Notwithstanding the fact that most projects licensed under the GNU software licenses are unquestionably of minor importance or intended for a limited audience, the great social significance of these licenses stems from the other fact that some of the most widely used computer software is GNU-licensed, as well. Examples of such programs include, among others, the Linux kernel, the GCC compiler collection, MySQL database server, Perl programming language, OpenOffice.org productivity suite, Java development kit, Samba file and print services, Qt development framework, iptables filter control tool, the CVS concurrent versioning system and Launchpad code hosting platform, which are all licensed under a GNU software license4. Many factors can drive a decision about technology architecture, information management, systems integration or software licensing in general. History, legacy systems, internal politics and the location of key people within an organisation may all be relevant, as well as other commercial motives, such as cost considerations and offerings of competing vendors. What tends to be on a lower level of priority, if indeed is properly considered at all, is the legal or regulatory impact of such a decision.5 However, since various contractual restraints contained in proprietary and open source licenses, respectively, may at a later time be proven to mean a significant effect on the contemplated use or even the dilution of the whole investment, judicial risk analysis ought to constitute an essential part of the planning work of a licensing strategy. Now, therefore, the purpose of this work is to interpret the reciprocity clauses included in the GNU software licenses, viz. which obligations they impose on the licensee and what sort of activity triggers such commitments. Looking at prior studies, one can find many general statements in the literature that characterise the GPL as possessing something called the 'viral effect'6, the LGPL as being 'persistent'7 and the AGPL as offering a plug for the 'application service provider (ASP) loophole'8 in the ordinary GPL. However, the more precise meaning of such effects and the demarcation between various forms of combinations and modifications—as well as defining which acts constitute derivatives of functional relevance with regard to reciprocally licensed software—have been subject to unfortunately diminutive analysis in our jurisdiction9. My aim is to systematise the mechanisms of reciprocity under the doctrine of GNU software licenses. First, I seek to offer, from the legal point of view, the intellectual readiness for making strategic licensing decisions in relation to the GPL and its derivatives for undertakings that are directly or indirectly conducting business in the computing industry. It is fundamental for developers to appreciate how the licenses affect the extent to which they can adapt the licensed software, and under what restrictions. Nevertheless, secondly, the factual audience is much wider. According to the statistics from a recent survey, more than half of the enterprises are using open source applications in their organisations today, and an additional ten percent plan to do so during this year10. Further, by 2012, research firm Gartner, Inc. believes that 80 percent of all commercial software applications will include open source components11. Inasmuch as the GNU software licenses hold the lion's share of the open source market, it is highly probable that one wishes to be conscious of one's risk position in such arrangements to eschew being legally exposed for violations of the license requirements.

Internetnutzung und Online-Aktivitäten.

The importance of direct patient reporting has been highlighted by recent European legislation on pharmacovigilance, and in addition, there is also an increasing attention worldwide for this subject. In Europe, the legislation directs member states to take all appropriate measures to encourage patients to report suspected adverse drug reactions (ADR) to the relevant national authorities. The introduction of patient reporting in pharmacovigilance indicates a change in attitude in which patient reporting is valued due to their potential to contribute useful information on drug safety. The aim of this project is to give a better understanding of the role of patients in pharmacovigilance systems. The chosen approach during this project intended to lead to a better understanding of the awareness and perception of the risk involved with medicine use and how patients and healthcare professionals can contribute to optimize the current pharmacovigilance system. For the purpose of this study, the project was divided in several parts, for which specific objectives were designed and described below, together with main results of the thesis. The first study described in Chapter 2 discusses the experiences of patient reporting to pharmacovigilance in Portugal and quantifies consumers motivation for reporting ADRs, investigating patient opinions about reporting with a quantitative analysis in a large group of consumers. The objective was to describe the attitudes and knowledge of the general public regarding spontaneous reporting and the reasons and opinions that can influence consumers adverse drug reaction underreporting. The study reveals that consumers are more likely to do spontaneous report about severe reactions or if they are worried about the symptoms. Also, more altruistic motives as the contribution to research and knowledge, the contribution to improvement of drugs and prevent harm to other people are seen as motives to report ADRs by patients. These motives can be classified in reporting for oneself (severity, worried, problems), reporting for others (share experiences, preventing harm, feeling responsible) or reporting for improvement (research and knowledge, patient information leaflet). It appeared that multiple patient characteristics (gender, age and level of education) had an effect on the motives of patients to report their ADR. In Chapter 3 were described the attitudes toward patient reporting systems, and progress toward implementing such systems among national competent authorities participating in the World Health Organization Programme for International Drug Monitoring. The study shows that most countries accept ADR reports from patients by an official reporting system designed for patients or through the existing system for Healthcare Professionals (HCPs). The main reasons for not having a Patient Reporting System (PRS) are financial restraints and a lack of information/education of patients. Attitudes toward a PRS are positive, but some countries fear 181 that they will not be able to handle an increase in reports. Most countries accept ADR reports from the general public. The lack of resources/budget and the lack of information/education for patients are highlighted as the major obstacles to the implementation of PRS. Chapter 4 focused on patient organizations role to promote patient reporting. In Chapter 4.1, it was studied the role of European patient organizations with the objective of understand the role of European patient organizations as stakeholders to optimize patient involvement in pharmacovigilance. There is a wide range of interest in drug safety issues among patient organizations, which appear to have an important role in encouraging patients to talk with their doctors/pharmacists about ADRs experienced, or to help him/her report the ADRs to the pharmacovigilance systems. A lack of resources, budget, and support from National Competent Authorities (NCAs) are seen as the main barriers to being involved in pharmacovigilance. On the other hand, an important part of the organizations appears to not have any activities or involvement related to pharmacovigilance. Bringing pharmacovigilance stakeholders and patient organizations together could create a more optimal patient reporting culture. Members of a patient organization showed more positive opinions related to pharmacovigilance. They would like to have more information about ADRs related to their medication and a higher intention to have information on how to report when compared to other patients. The other study in Chapter 4 described medicines and attitudes and opinions regarding pharmacovigilance in people with diabetes. The study explored the impact of the patient reports being followed by a patient diabetes association. The objective was to assess risk perception of developing adverse drug reactions and knowledge, attitudes and opinions regarding pharmacovigilance in patients with diabetes and to investigate whether being a member of a patient organization for diabetes had an effect on these factors. Patients followed in a diabetes patient association presented a higher score of risk perception, experiences using the medicines, but also by the information received from the patient organization. Being a member of a patient organization seems to have an important role in increasing risk perception since they presented the highest risk perception scores for medicines related to their disease. Those patients affirmed that their doctor explained the possible ADRs of their medication and they have higher intention to report ADRs in the future if they are serious or unexpected. Patient organizations are well positioned to be a source where patients can obtain reliable information, changing their attitudes and perceptions about the disease and drug treatments. An additional chapter was provided, related with HCPs role as active agents to improve the involvement of patients in pharmacovigilance. Chapter 5.1 objective was to describe the attitudes and knowledge of different community pharmacy professional groups regarding the spontaneous reporting of adverse drug reactions to identify the factors that can influence adverse drug reaction under-reporting. Despite HCPs knowledge of the pharmacovigilance system, only a small 182 percentage of Community pharmacy professionals had reported ADRs, and approximately half did not usually encourage consumers to report possible ADRs. In Chapter 5.2, the objective was to evaluate community pharmacy professionals as role players . Reporting of ADRs is fundamental to pharmacovigilance, and consumer reporting is a significant contribution to creating useful information on drug safety. Community pharmacy professionals can play a major role in pharmacovigilance by reporting ADRs directly or encouraging consumers to report them. Measures to overcome under-reporting as encouraging HCPs and consumers to play an active role in pharmacovigilance, namely continuous education and training should be incorporated to increase the level of risk perception and encourage a better attitude about reporting for both HCPs and consumers. Chapter 6 presents a general discussion about the role of general public in pharmacovigilance, providing recommendations that arose from the results with different points of view of patient participation in pharmacovigilance (national competent authorities, HCPs, patient organizations and patients themselves). In conclusion, this thesis has focused on an overview of the participation of different stakeholders in pharmacovigilance, including HCPs, NCAs, Patient Organizations and patients themselves. Further research and developments for pharmacovigilance systems and for patients themselves arose from the results provided. ; Recientemente, la legislación europea sobre farmacovigilancia ha resaltado la importancia de la participación de los ciudadanos en la notificación espontánea de sospechas de reacciones adversas (RAMs), siendo este asunto objeto de atención creciente en todo el mundo. En Europa, la legislación establece que los Estados miembros deben tomar las medidas apropiadas para alentar a los pacientes a notificar las de sospechas de RAMs a las autoridades nacionales competentes. La introducción de esta posibildad, indica un cambio de actitud en el que se valora el informe del paciente debido a su potencial para aportar información útil sobre la seguridad de los medicamentos. El objetivo de esta tesis es comprender mejor el papel de los pacientes en los sistemas de farmacovigilancia. El enfoque elegido pretende describir la conciencia y la percepción del riesgo por parte de los pacientes en relación con el uso de medicamentos y cómo tanto ellos, como los profesionales de la salud (PS) pueden contribuir a optimizar el sistema actual de farmacovigilancia. Con este propósito, la tesis se dividió en varias partes, cuyos objetivos específicos y principales resultados, se describen a continuación. En el primer estudio descrito en el Capítulo 2, se discuten las experiencias de la notificacion ciudadana al sistema de farmacovigilancia en Portugal y cuantifica la motivación de los consumidores, investigando sus opiniones a través de un análisis cuantitativo llevado a cabo en un gran grupo de usuarios. El objetivo de este estudio es describir las actitudes y el conocimiento de los ciudadanos en general con respecto a las notificaciones espontáneas y las razones y opiniones que pueden influir en la escasa notificación de RAMs por su parte. El estudio revela que es más probable la notificación espontánea por parte de los ciudadanos, cuando se trate de reacciones graves o si existiera preocupación por los síntomas generados por la RAM. Además, otros motivos más altruistas como la contribución a la investigación y al conocimiento, la contribución a la mejora de los fármacos y la prevención del daño en otras personas, también fueron considerados por los pacientes como motivos para notificar RAM. Estas motivaciones pueden clasificarse en: notificar para uno mismo (gravedad, preocupación, problemas), para otros (compartir experiencias, prevenir daños, sentirse responsable) o para la mejora (investigación y conocimiento, hoja de información para el paciente). Asimismo, diferentes características del paciente como género, edad y nivel de educación, tenían influencia en sus motivos para notificar sus RAMs. El Capítulo 3 describe las actitudes de las autoridades nacionales de los participantes en el Programa de la Organización Mundial de la Salud de Vigilancia Farmacéutica Internacional acerca de la notificación ciudadana de sospechas de RAM y del progreso en su implementación. 187 El estudio muestra que la mayoría de los países aceptan notificaciones de sospechas de RAMs de los ciudadanos mediante un sistema oficial diseñado especialmente para ellos, o bien mediante el sistema existente para PS. Las principales razones para no disponer de un Sistema de Notificación de sospechas de RAM para Ciudadanos (SNRC) son las restricciones económicas y la falta de información / educación de los pacientes. Las actitudes acerca de los SNRC son positivas, aunque algunos países temen no poder manejar un aumento de las notificaciones de sospechas. La falta de recursos y la falta de información/educación de los pacientes se destacan como los principales obstáculos para la implementación del SNRC. El Capítulo 4 se centró en el papel de las organizaciones de pacientes para promover la notificación. En el Capítulo 4.1 se estudió el papel de las organizaciones europeas de pacientes como partes interesadas en optimizar la participación del paciente en la farmacovigilancia. Existe un amplio interés en los problemas de seguridad de los medicamentos entre las organizaciones de pacientes. Estas organizaciones parecen tener un papel importante alentando a los pacientes a hablar con sus médicos / farmacéuticos sobre las RAM experimentadas, o ayudándolo a informar las sospechas de RAM a los sistemas de farmacovigilancia. La falta de recursos y apoyo de las Autoridades Nacionales Competentes se consideran las principales barreras para participar en la farmacovigilancia. Por otro lado, una parte importante de las organizaciones parece no tener ninguna actividad relacionada con la farmacovigilancia. Reunir a las partes interesadas en farmacovigilancia con las organizaciones de pacientes podría crear una cultura de notificaciones de sospechas por los pacientes optimizada. De un estudio realizado en una organización de pacientes de pacientes diabéticos (Capítulo 4.2) sabemos que sus miembros mostraron opiniones positivas relacionadas con la farmacovigilancia. En general, a los pacientes asociados les gustaría tener más información sobre las RAMs de sus medicación y tenían mayor interés en disponer de información sobre cómo notificar que los pacientes diabéticos que no formaban parte de la asociación. El capítulo 5.1 se centró en el papel de los PS como agentes activos para mejorar la participación de los pacientes en la farmacovigilancia. El objetivo del Capítulo 5.1 era describir las actitudes y el conocimiento de los diferentes grupos profesionales de Farmacias Comunitarias con respecto a la notificación espontánea de RAM para identificar los factores que puedan influir en la falta de notificación. A pesar de que los PS conocen el sistema de farmacovigilancia, solo un pequeño porcentaje de los profesionales de Farmacia Comunitaria ha informado de RAMs, y aproximadamente la mitad no suele alentar a los ciudadanos a informar sospechas de RAMs. En el Capítulo 5.2, el objetivo fue evaluar a los profesionales de Farmacia Comunitaria como actores en la mejora de la participación de los ciudadanos en la farmacovigilancia y describir sus actitudes en relación con el sistema de farmacovigilancia y la notificación ciudadana de sospechas de RAMs. Las notificaciones de RAMs son fundamentales para la farmacovigilancia, y los informes de los ciudadanos son una contribución significativa a la creación de información útil sobre la seguridad de los medicamentos. Los profesionales de la Farmacia Comunitaria pueden desempeñar un papel importante en la farmacovigilancia notificando directamente o 188 alentando a los ciudadanos. Se deben implementar medidas como estrategias de educación y capacitación continua para superar la falta de información de los ciudadanos y alentar a los profesionales sanitarios a desempeñar un papel activo en la farmacovigilancia, mejorando su nivel de percepción de riesgo y promoviendo una mejor actitud. El Capítulo 6 presenta una discusión general sobre el papel del ciudadano en la farmacovigilancia, brindando recomendaciones surgidas de los resultados de los estudios sobre los diferentes puntos de vista (autoridades nacionales competentes, profesionales sanitarios, organizaciones de pacientes y los propios pacientes) acerca de la participación del paciente en la farmacovigilancia. En conclusión, esta tesis se ha centrado en una visión general de la participación de diferentes partes interesadas en la farmacovigilancia, incluidos los PS, las autoridades nacionales competentes, las organizaciones de pacientes y los propios pacientes. De los resultados proporcionados, surge la necesidad de un desarrollo adicional de medidas dirigidas a los PS, pacientes y a los propios sistemas de farmacovigilancia para mejorar la participación de los ciudadanos en los sistemas de farmacovigilancia.

Internetnutzung.

Themen: Kenntnis von öffentlichen Internetzugangsmöglichkeiten in der
Wohngegend (in der Bibliothek, im Gemeindezentrum, im Rathaus, in der
Post, bei der Arbeitsagentur); Internetzugang im Haushalt; Gründe für
fehlenden Internetzugang im Haushalt; Art des Internetzugangs (z.B.
ISDN, ADSL, via Kabel-TV oder WAP); Anzahl der Internetnutzer im
Haushalt; monatliche Kosten des Internetzugangs, Kostenentwicklung im
Vergleich zum Vorjahr sowie Gründe für gesunkene bzw. gestiegene
Kosten; Nutzungsorte für das Internet; Zeiten der Internetnutzung;
Nutzungshäufigkeit; aufgetretene Sicherheitsprobleme bei der
Internetnutzung (Virenbefall, Missbrauch der Kreditkartennummer, Spam);
Häufigkeit privater Einkäufe im Internet (Waren oder Dienstleistungen);
Art der aufgetretenen Probleme bei Interneteinkäufen sowie Art der
Lösung dieser Probleme; durchgeführte Behördenkontakte via Internet
(Informationssuche, E-Mail-Anfrage, Formularversand z.B.
Steuererklärung, Kfz-Registrierung); Häufigkeit der elektronischen
Behördenkontakte; Schwierigkeiten, Internetseiten in der Muttersprache
des Befragten zu finden sowie präferierte Inhalte, die in der
Muttersprache abrufbar sein sollten (Gesundheit, Wissenschaft, fremde
Kulturen, Reiseinformationen, Übersetzungen ausländischer Zeitungen,
geschäftliche Informationen).

Demographie: Geschlecht; Alter; Alter bei Ende der Ausbildung;
berufliche Position; Anzahl der Personen ab 12 Jahren im Haushalt;
Region; Ortsgröße.

Event managements in India are getting incipient yearly as people fire up to approach event planners for every occasion. Predominantly in the field of sports, reality shows, government marketing initiatives and digital activation the event industry has been materializing in the country. When it comes to global point of view, event industry has been well established and created trendsetting over the years. This study attempts to address the perception of general public on Event Management Companies (EMCs). EMCs entered into every field and even people began to prefer event industry. Its contribution towards the country's economy has been massive over the years and even investors are looking forward to endow in event industries. There are no key players in the global standard as there prevails a huge competition among the event players and their services are differentiated into various segments. Results argue EMCs are not spending much for publicity.

Meinung zur aktuellen Situation in Deutschland. Vertrauen in Demokratie und Politik. Meinung zu Politik, Parteien und Politikern. Politische Partizipation. Medien.

Themen: Gewünschter Stellenwert von gesellschaftlichen Werten (Vertrauen, Toleranz, Selbstverwirklichung, Zusammenhalt, Fairness, Bescheidenheit, Pflichtbewusstsein, Leistungsbereitschaft, Gerechtigkeit, Sicherheit); Bewertung des gesellschaftlichen Zusammenhalts in Deutschland; Gesellschaft in Deutschland wird eher zusammenrücken oder eher auseinanderdriften; Einstellungen zur aktuellen Situation in Deutschland (wohlhabendes Land, Gefühl abgehängt zu sein, Sozialstaat sorgt sich umfassend und solidarisch um die Schwächeren, keine Sorgen um die wirtschaftliche Entwicklung, Sorgen um eigene finanzielle Zukunft, Aufnahme der vielen Flüchtlinge bereitet Sorgen, Konkurrenzdenken, Gerechtigkeit, Furcht vor Terroranschlägen, Zuversicht für die Zukunft); Politikinteresse; Zufriedenheit mit den Verhältnissen in Deutschland; Demokratiezufriedenheit; Demokratie als gute Regierungsform; Institutionenvertrauen (Justiz, Gerichte, Umweltorganisationen, Hilfsorganisationen, Landesregierung im Bundesland, Bundesregierung, Gewerkschaften, Kirchen, Parteien, Ämter und Behörden, Wirtschaftsverbände und Arbeitgeber, Bundestag, Europäische Union (EU), Medien, Polizei, Bundeskanzlerin); Meinung zu Politik (zu große Erwartungen der Bürger an die Politik, kaum noch Handlungsspielräume, zu kompliziert, zu großer Einfluss der Verbände und Interessengruppen auf die Politik, kann es vielen nicht recht machen, zu geringe Offenlegung von Entscheidungsprozessen, Bürger zu schlecht über Politik informiert); Meinung zu Parteien (Wahlversprechen werden nicht gehalten, keine Partei vertritt persönliche Interessen, kein Unterschied zwischen Parteien im Bundestag, Bürger fühlen sich durch die Parteien nicht mehr vertreten, Spitzenkandidat ist wichtiger als die Partei für persönliche Wahlentscheidung, unverzichtbar für Demokratie, neue Parteien sind nötig); geschätzter Einfluss von Bürgern auf die Politik; Meinung zu Politikern (vertrauenswürdig, arbeiten hart und setzen sich wirklich ein, werden in den Medien schlechter dargestellt, als sie sind, fremde und unverständliche Sprache, kein langfristiges Denken, kümmern sich um Sorgen der einfachen Leute, nutzen ihre Stellung für persönliche Vorteile, schrecken vor unbequemen Entscheidungen zurück); Vorschläge an Politiker und Parteien für mehr Vertrauen und Bürgernähe (offene Frage); präferiertes Demokratiemodell (parlamentarische oder direkte Demokratie); Meinung zu häufigeren Volksabstimmungen; Einstellung zum Thema Volksabstimmungen; politische Partizipation; politisches Informationsverhalten: Wichtigkeit ausgewählter Informationsquellen für die persönliche politische Meinungsbildung (z.B. Zeitungsberichte, Onlineberichte, Radiosendungen, etc.); Vertrauen in ausgewählte Medien; Wahrnehmung der Berichterstattung durch die Medien in Deutschland allgemein und zum Thema Flüchtlinge (frei, ausgewogen, nicht wahrheitsgemäß); Absicht zur Wahlbeteiligung an der nächsten Bundestagswahl.

Demographie: Geschlecht; Alter; höchster Bildungsabschluss; Erwerbstätigkeit; berufliche Stellung; Haushaltsgröße und Haushaltszusammensetzung; Familienstand; Haushaltsnettoeinkommen; Parteisympathie; Selbsteinstufung der Schichtzugehörigkeit; privater Internetzugang; Ortsgröße (BIK und politische Gemeindegrößenklassen); Bundesland.
Zusätzlich verkodet wurde: Gewichtungsfaktor.

Sicherheitsempfinden. Mediennutzung mit Kriminalitätsbezug. Gewichtung von Delikten nach der Schwere dieser Straftaten.

Themen: Sicherheitsempfinden in der Wohngegend nach Einbruch der Dunkelheit; Mediennutzung mit Kriminalitätsbezug: Häufigkeit des Zeitunglesens (print und online); Häufigkeit der Rezeption von Beiträgen zu Kriminalität und innerer Sicherheit beim Zeitunglesen; Interesse an regionaler Berichterstattung und dafür genutzte Zeitungen; Häufigkeit des Fernsehkonsums, des Radiokonsums und der Internetnutzung; Häufigkeit der Rezeption von Beiträgen zu Kriminalität und innerer Sicherheit im Fernsehen, im Radio und im Internet; Sorgen über die Entwicklung der Kriminalität im Land; subjektive Gewichtung (Rangfolge) ausgewählter Delikte nach der Schwere dieser Straftaten (Bedrohung und grobe Pöbelei, leichte Körperverletzung, Mord und Totschlag, Cybercrime, Diebstahl, Raub, schwere Körperverletzung, Wohnungseinbruch, sexuelle Belästigung, Vergewaltigung); Paarvergleiche von Straftaten nach der zuvor festgelegten Rangfolge; Distanz Paarvergleiche; Distanz Körperverletzung mit bzw. ohne religiösen oder politisch motivierten Hintergrund; Distanz Bedrohung und grobe Pöbelei mit bzw. ohne religiösen oder politisch motivierten Hintergrund.

Demographie: Geschlecht; Alter (Geburtsjahr); Kinder; Geburt des Befragten und seiner Eltern in Deutschland (Migrationshintergrund); höchster Bildungsabschluss; höchster beruflicher Abschluss; Erwerbstätigkeit bzw. derzeitige Tätigkeit; derzeitige bzw. frühere Berufsgruppe; Haushaltsgröße; Haushaltsnettoeinkommen; persönliches Nettoeinkommen.

Zusätzlich verkodet wurde: Befragten-ID; Gewichtungsfaktor.

Abstract Public informing and participation in decision-making related to environmental protection as an important element of engaging stakeholders often excludes crisis planning. In environmental impact assessment procedures, there is often an organizational crisis involving three or four participants, normally the investor/applicant, the county office or ministry managing impact the assessment, the police overseeing the protests, and the judiciary as a result of rights given to the general and concerned public by the Aarhus Convention. Indications of a crisis appear some time before the situation threatens the organization or its partners, and consist of minor incidents that the organization has ignored or deemed insignificant for the final objectives. Unexpected crises bring uncertainty and risks – organizations cannot identify causes or consequences, all efforts are ineffective, while the threats to the entire project and the final objectives are increased. This paper analyses the differences in informing/participation of the general and concerned public in debates on decision-making in urban planning, and public debates on decision-making in environmental impact studies in the case of Lećevica Waste Management Center in Split-Dalmatia County. Methods for the collection of empirical data included problem-focused, in-depth interviews and participating observation. Grounded theory was used in analyzing the empirical material with initial, axial and selective coding. The frequency and absolute and relative cumulative value of coded responses were calculated using descriptive statistics. Results repeatedly showed shortcomings in adopting urban planning documents. Direct/indirect pressures from the politicians and the quiet administrative support or obstruction of administrative bodies are noticeable, including the changes in politics depending on the position of the ruling party/opposition at the state/local level.