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Intro -- BLACK FARMERS IN AMERICA: HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVE, COOPERATIVES AND THE PIGFORD CASES -- BLACK FARMERS IN AMERICA: HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVE, COOPERATIVES AND THE PIGFORD CASES -- Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data -- CONTENTS -- PREFACE -- Chapter 1: BLACK FARMERS IN AMERICA, 1865-2000: THE PURSUIT OF INDEPENDENT FARMING AND THE ROLE OF COOPERATIVES -- ABSTRACT -- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS -- INTRODUCTION -- BLACK FARMERS IN THE SOUTH, 1865-1932 -- INDEPENDENT FARMING INITIATIVES, 1886-1932 -- NEW DEAL AGRICULTURE -- THE CIVIL RIGHTS MOVEMENT AND COOPERATIVES -- PROMOTING INDEPENDENT FARM ENTERPRISE THROUGH COOPERATIVES -- USDA RURAL DEVELOPMENT PROGRAMS -- CONCLUSION -- REFERENCES -- End Notes -- Chapter 2: THE PIGFORD CASES: USDA SETTLEMENT OF DISCRIMINATION SUITS BY BLACK FARMERS -- SUMMARY -- INTRODUCTION -- Background -- USDA-Commissioned Study -- THE ORIGINAL PIGFORD SETTLEMENT -- Class Action Suit -- Terms of the Consent Decree -- Current Status -- IN RE BLACK FARMERS DISCRIMINATION LITIGATION (PIGFORD II) -- The Settlement Agreement and Claims Process -- Census Enumeration of Black Farmers -- Legislative Action -- End Notes -- INDEX

"Die Geschichte der lateinamerikanischen Wahrheitskommissionen schreibt sich in einen transnationalen Prozess der Erfahrungsakkumulation ein. Dennoch spiegelt jede Wahrheitskommission ein spezifisches gesellschaftliches Kräfteverhältnis und eine daraus resultierende Interessenlage wider. Die Autorin analysiert die vergangenheitspolitische Praxis und Debatte in El Salvador, Guatemala, Kolumbien, Kuba, Panama und Peru, um sowohl die Verschiedenheit der Enstehungs- und Wirkungsgeschichten der Wahrheitskommissionen als auch die Ambivalenz des globalisierten Aufarbeitungsprozesses zu illustrieren." (Autorenreferat)

Farmers, especially small and marginal, do not directly trade in agri-futures market in India. Their small size, lack of trust and understanding of futures market and dependence on middlemen, are some of the main deterrents. The role of Farmer Producer Organizations (FPOs) is crucial in this context since they can procure commodities, aggregate them and ensure that size and quality standards required for agri-futures trade are met. In her Budget speech for Union Budget of FY20, the Union Finance Minister has set a target of creating 10,000 FPOs in the next five years (by 2024). NABARD has already been in this process of creating FPOs for the last few years (already has more than 3000 FPOs) and the major responsibility of scaling them with 10,000 new ones, is likely to fall on NABARD. Interestingly, NCDEX has also been trying to deepen FPOs participation in markets for the last few years. However, as our analysis shows that between April 2016 and May 2018 only a tiny fraction (0.004 percent) of overall agri-futures trade at NCDEX was through FPOs. This reflects the need for gigantic steps, if FPOs have to be involved in futures trading at any reasonable scale. The need is even greater if one considers the dire necessity of having forward looking cropping patterns, where farmers' planting decisions are based on future prices rather than last year's or even earlier year's prices. Keeping this in mind, the paper identifies the constraints in first linking farmers to FPOs and second, FPOs to futures market. Based on this research about constraints, the paper puts forward a few suggestions for the FPOs, NCDEX, as well as the government for better results: (1) Both FPOs and NCDEX need to focus initially on commodities not pereceived by the Government as 'sensitive' from food security point of view so that minimum disruption takes place in futures markets. This will help them gain confidence in the functioning of futures markets; (2) NCDEX needs to identify production centres, build delivery centres around them and encourage futures trading in these areas; (3) Resource Institutions involved in educating and hand-holding FPOs in futures trading, themselves need to upgrade their knowledge and skills about functioning of futures trading. Government policy and NCDEX both can help them in this direction; (4) Government initiatives like that of Bihar and Rajasthan can help scaling the efforts of linking FPOs to futures markets in other regions, (5) There could also be learning from small holder dominated agriculture of China, that has provided state support in linking farmers to futures, and helped customized products and reduce price distortions, (6) Government's trading arms can also be encouraged to directly participate in the futures market to give confidence to many others, including FPOs; and (7) Instruments like forwards and options have to be encouraged to invite greater participation by FPOs.

"A journal dedicated to the interests of the farmers, officers and managers of the democratic organizations of farmer producers who are engaged in the economic cooperative marketing of their products."--publisher's box. ; Title from cover. ; Continues the numbering of American co-operative journal. ; Mode of access: Internet. ; "Official organ of the Farmers Elevator Companies of the United States of America."

FrontMatter -- Reviewers -- Acknowledgments -- Preface -- Contents -- Boxes, Figures, and Tables -- Summary -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Definition and Monitoring of Disability -- 3 Disability Trends -- 4 Health Care Transitions for Young People -- 5 Secondary Conditions and Aging with Disability -- 6 The Environmental Context of Disability: The Case of Health Care Facilities -- 7 Assistive and Mainstream Technologies for People with Disabilities -- 8 Access to Health Insurance and the Role of Risk-Adjusted Payments to Health Plans -- 9 Coverage of Assistive Technologies and Personal Assistive Services -- 10 Organization and Support of Disability Research -- References -- APPENDIXES -- A Study Activities -- B Table of Contents for Workshop on Disability in America: A New Look (2006) -- C Risk Adjustment of Insurance Premiums in the United States and Implications for People with Disabilities -- D The Americans with Disabilities Act in a Health Care Context -- E The Employment Discrimination Provisions of the Americans with Disabilities Act: Implementation and Impact -- F Access to Telecommunications Technology by Americans with Disabilities: Key Laws and Policies -- G Transportation Patterns and Problems of People with Disabilities -- H Committee on Disability in America Biographical Sketches -- Index.

(Internal Comments) by Hezekiah Butterworth ; illustrated with over one hundred and fifty engravings. ; (Statement of Responsibility) by Hezekiah Butterworth ; illustrated with over one hundred and fifty engravings. ; Title page engraved, printed in blue and red colors. ; Contains prose and verse. ; Pictorial front cover and spine. ; Includes indexes. ; The greater part of the text is taken from Robert Mackenzie's The United States of America: a history. London, 1870. cf. Pref. ; Earlier editions have titles: Young folk's history of America, and Popular history of America.

In Jinapala, K.; De Silva, Sanjiv; Aheeyar, M. M. M. (Eds.). Proceedings of the National Conference on Water, Food Security and Climate Change in Sri Lanka, BMICH, Colombo, Sri Lanka, 9-11 June 2009. Vol. 3. Policies, institutions and data needs for water management. Colombo, Sri Lanka: International Water Management Institute (IWMI). ; Agriculture development has been the main strategy for the socioeconomic development in the country since time immemorial, even though its contribution to GDP has been declining recently. Successive governments of Sri Lanka since independence have invested heavily in the irrigated agriculture sector to address the food security concerns of the country. The continuous investment in irrigation was required to address problems such as spatial and temporal variations in monsoonal rainfall in the country, which has a serious negative impact on food production and livelihoods of people. The need for pursuing irrigation development and management has become more important in the country in the face of rapid population growth and increasing food prices in the world market. In this context, managing irrigation schemes for productivity increase is becoming increasingly important and different irrigation management models have also emerged through attempts made in this direction by countries including Sri Lanka, where irrigation plays a leading role in food production and nation development. Farmers? active involvement in irrigation management, especially operation and maintenance (O&M) and decision-making as well, has been identified as a key requirement to attain productivity goals and the sustainability of irrigation systems. This paper aims at reviewing participatory irrigation management approaches adopted in medium and major irrigation systems in Sri Lanka with a view to identifying their past and present trends and future directions. The review will contribute to an improved understanding by policymakers, managers of irrigation schemes and farmers of the role of participatory irrigation management, its past and present including institutional structures, responsibilities and performance and the directions it should take to meet future challenges as a dynamic institutional mechanism. As all the medium and major irrigation schemes in the country are jointly managed by farmers and government agencies, the inferences drawn from the review would be important for the agencies and farmers alike to introduce necessary changes in their programs to address future needs and requirements.

Texas and California have become leaders of Red and Blue America. Exploring why these two powerful states have joined the rival camps, this title then describes how they have used competing red and blue policy models to create sharply contrasting policies across a broad range of issue areas. Texas and California have also mobilised coalitions of red and blue states to influence federal policy. The book concludes by assessing the two models' strengths, vulnerabilities, and future prospects. The rivalry between these states and their allies will likely continue for the foreseeable future; the challenge for the nation is turn the competition to productive ends.

Texas and California have become leaders of Red and Blue America. Exploring why these two powerful states have joined the rival camps, this title then describes how they have used competing red and blue policy models to create sharply contrasting policies across a broad range of issue areas. Texas and California have also mobilised coalitions of red and blue states to influence federal policy. The book concludes by assessing the two models' strengths, vulnerabilities, and future prospects. The rivalry between these states and their allies will likely continue for the foreseeable future; the challenge for the nation is turn the competition to productive ends.