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Presents an analytic framework for processing planning in industries where fixed batch sizes are common. The overall optimum processing plan is shown to be located on an envelope between the optimum JIT plan and the optimum level plan. These concepts provide the framework for understanding the overall optimum plan, and the framework leads to an efficient heuristic. The approach is practical, illustrated by a case study from the food industry, which shows the place of overall optimum planning within the company's planning system and its implications for company performance.

Terms such as "intergenerational planning", "intergenerational redistribution", "intergenerational equity" and "intergenerational accounting" have all gained currency in recent years. This paper reviews recent debates about how to assess the extent and nature of future need, outlines some scenarios, and describes some of the principles that have been adopted for intergenerational planning. The paper goes on to set out some principles to guide government investment (including equity, research, and methods of allocating resources). Finally, the paper suggests some of the elements for a community intergenerational planning framework.

The turbulence which characterized the 1980s created uncertainty as to the role and purpose of planning in liberal democracies. Instrumental rationality is no longer defensible as a guiding doctrine and major questions arise concerning the relationship of planning to the market economy and the political process. The realization that the problems confronting planners are not amenable to technocratic solutions has led to recognition of the political and therefore essentially ethical nature of the planning activity. However, whilst there is widespread recognition that fundamental ethical dilemmas underpin both planning practice and theory, little explicit consideration has been given to the nature of the normative frameworks available. The purpose of this paper is to critically review the ethical frames of reference implied in the most influential theories within planning and to evaluate their relevance to practice. The paper highlights the extent to which debate has been, and continues to be, dominated by procedural questions, the rejection of universalism in favour of relativity and subjectivity, and a focus on individual interests rather than more general concern with the common good. Reluctance to engage with debates of a more foundational nature concerning ends and values is questioned and planning theorists are urged to reconnect with the fundamental issue of planning's contribution to the creation of desirable futures.—Les troubles et difficultés des années quatre‐vingt ont créé une incertitude quant au rôle et aux objectifs de la planification dans les démocracies libérales. La rationalité instrumentale comme doctrine dirigeante n'est plus défendable et des questions importantes se posent quant à la relation de la planification avec l'économie de marché et le processus politique. Les responsables de la planification ont puis conscience du fait que les problèmes qu'ils recontraient ne pouvaient pas être résolvé de manière technocratique – cela les a conduit à prendre en compte la dimension politique et donc fondamentalement éthique de la planification. Néanmoins, malgré la reconnaissance générale des dilemmes éthiques qui sont derrière la pratique et la théorie de la planification, la nature des structures normatives disponibles a rarement été puis en compte. Le but de cet article est de faire une revue critique des systèmes de référence implicites dans les théories de la planification les plus influentes et d'évaluer leur applicabilité pratique. L'article souligne à quel point le débat a été et reste dominé par des questions de procédure, par le rejet de l'universalisme en faveur de la relativité et de la subjectivité, et par une attention particulière donné aux intérêts individuels plutôt que par une préoccupation plus générale pour le bien commun. Le refus de considérer des problèmes plus fondamentaux concernant les fins et les valeurs est mis en cause. Les théoriciens de la planification doivent revenir à la question fondamentale de la contribution de la planification à la création d'un avenir meilleur.

read before the Society, 26 April 2018; Symposium: ?Where? will the Economy be in 2040? Delivering on the National Development Framework ; The National Planning Framework (NPF) was published by Government together with the National Development Plan, as ?Project Ireland 2040?, in February 2018. An explanation of how the National Planning Framework will be implemented, is assisted by setting out the overall context for planning in Ireland, as well as the spatial pattern of settlement in recent decades. It is in this context that the logic and intent of the NPF strategy and the necessary levers for implementation, become apparent.

This book is in part a response to the attempts of governments to address increasing concerns over such environmental issues as the impact of climate change; carbon emissions; pressures from overpopulation of cities; coal seam gas extraction and depleting natural resources. The authors have developed a Sustainable Communities Framework (SCF) which incorporates social-cultural, environmental and economic sustainability principles in the process of urban planning. The authors propose a five-step SCF built on an application of sustainability tables. The book examines a wide range of urban plannin