Suchergebnisse

Food Security in the Developing Worldprovides an entry point into the complex and challenging subject of providing access to nutritious and safe food in a readable format, capturing the essence of the subject in an effective and impactful manner. Organized into nine chapters the book covers the manifestation and measurement of food insecurity; means whereby households endeavour to be food-secure; causes of food insecurity; mitigation of current food insecurity and prevention of future food insecurity. There will then follow a chapter with case studies, a chapter on cross-cutting issues and the final chapter drawing conclusions and recommendations on the way forward to increase the prevalence of food security in developing countries. A glossary and Bibliography will round off the book.Dr. Ashley's real-world experience makes the book accessible while providing valuable insights into the broad range of factors that contribute to food insecurity in this large at-risk population, and practical means of addressing them.Presents all aspects of food security in a logical sequenceCovers the manifestation and measurement of food insecurityIncludes case studies and cross-cutting multidisciplinary issues John Ashley graduated in botany from London University, and then applied that knowledge to the field of agriculture for his doctorate, working with the groundnut crop at Makerere University, Uganda. He also holds a degree in psychology from Cambridge, which has proven useful in understanding the various perspectives of stakeholder groups with whom he works, and facilitating a consensus. Dr Ashley has engaged in projects which have sought to help governments address current food insecurity, and/or increase resilience to future food insecurity. He has multi-sector program experience in agriculture and forestry, rural development, water, environment, health, education, nutrition and social transfers, roads and local government. He has worked in more than twenty vulnerable and/or conflict-prone countries for over 35 years, especially in Africa and Asia. He was with FAO for five years and then became an adviser to national governments in interventions funded by international organizations or donors . He has conducted research with grain legume and cereal improvement programs in Libya, Kenya, Uganda and Nepal, and taught agronomy, crop physiology, ecology and human nutrition at Makerere University.

Purpose: Food security is one of the main goals for sustainable development having an important position in determining the government policies. The main objective of this study is to analyze the role of stakeholders in corn farming business efficiency by 1) analyzing the efficiency of small-scale corn farming in Grobogan Regency, Central Java and 2) analyzing the role of stakeholders in increasing food security. Design/methodology/approach: The study used a mixed method, a combination of quantitative and qualitative analysis. The analytical tool used was Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA), regression analysis, and stakeholder analysis with a focus on convergence and divergence among stakeholders. Findings: The calculation results show that as many as 18 (30%) corn farming has been efficient. The main stakeholders' role was found between the Agriculture office and farmers' associations. Practical implications: The results show a close relationship and communication among actors. Furthermore, the actors share the same objectives so that the convergence path is mutually supportive and synergistic. Originality/value: The study provides a new discourse in an effort to improve agricultural efficiency in developing countries by analyzing the closeness between actors and modeling farmers' access to agricultural resources and governance. ; peer-reviewed

Cover -- Contents -- Illustrations -- Abbreviations and Acronyms -- Preface -- Acknowledgements -- Introduction -- Part I - Food Security and Insecurity: Causes and Consequences -- 1. Food Security -- 2. Famine -- 3. The World Food System: Challenges and Options -- 4. Peasant Farming: Current and Future Challenges -- Part II - Challenges and Options for Food Security -- 5. Access to Land -- 6. Rural Labour Markets -- 7. Rural Financial Services and the Issue of Sustainability -- 8. Water for Livelihoods -- 9. Gender and Food Security: Invisibility Revisited -- 10. Conclusion: Food Security in Perspective -- Appendix -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index.

The EU has a long history of specific trade arrangements with developing countries. Under a variety of schemes, the EU allows developing countries to export goods to the Community market with reduced or zero duty. The stated objective is to encourage economic growth and to promote sustainable development in developing countries through their integration into the world trade system. Recently, these schemes have experienced significant reform. This applies particularly to the case of the Generalized System of Preferences and the arrangements affecting African, Caribbean, and Pacific countries. In addition, preferential (reciprocal) trade agreements are replacing non-reciprocal tariff concessions. We describe the current status of EU trade policy with developing countries, focusing on those where food security is a major issue. We assess the impact of selected preferential schemes, using an applied general equilibrium model. Our counterfactual simulations show that removing EU preferences will impact negatively on some developing country economies; both exports and gross domestic product will go down (particularly in North and Sub-Saharan African regions). Overall, our simulations suggest that EU preferential agreements provide export opportunities and contribute to higher incomes, particularly the least developed countries. However, their contribution to food security is indirect. Because of the magnitude of the prices and income changes which we measure at the aggregate level, the impact on food and nutrition security indicators seems limited. To explore in more depth the impact of EU preferences on the food security of particularly vulnerable segments of the population would require our simulations to be combined with household data. ; Au fil des années, l'Union Européenne (UE) a signé plusieurs accords commerciaux avec les pays en voie de développement. Dans ces accords, l'UE permet à ces pays d'exporter des marchandises vers le marché communautaire, avec des frais de douane réduits ou nuls. L'objectif est donc d'encourager la croissance économique et de promouvoir le développement durable dans les pays en voie de développement à travers leur intégration dans le système commercial mondial. Récemment, ces accords ont connu une importante réforme. Cela vaut particulièrement pour le cas du Système Généralisé de Préférences et les dispositions qui touchent les pays africains, les Caraïbes et les pays du Pacifique. En outre, des accords préférentiels (réciproques) remplacent les concessions tarifaires non réciproques. Dans cette étude, les auteurs décrivent l'état actuel de la politique commerciale de l'UE avec les pays en voie de développement, en mettant l'accent sur les pays où la sécurité alimentaire est un enjeu majeur. Ils évaluent l'impact des régimes préférentiels sélectionnés en utilisant un modèle d'équilibre général appliqué. Les simulations contrefactuelles montrent que la suppression de préférences de l'UE aura des effets négatifs sur certaines économies des pays en voie de développement. En effet, les exportations et le produit intérieur brut vont diminuer, en particulier dans les régions d'Afrique du Nord et d'Afrique subsaharienne. Dans l'ensemble, ces simulations suggèrent que les accords préférentiels de l'UE offrent des possibilités d'exportation et contribuent à des revenus plus élevés, en particulier dans les pays les moins avancés. Cependant, leur contribution à la sécurité alimentaire est indirecte. En raison de l'ampleur des changements de prix et de revenu, mesurés au niveau global, l'impact sur les indicateurs de sécurité alimentaire et nutritionnelle semble limité. Afin de fournir une analyse plus approfondie des effets des préférences de l'UE sur la sécurité alimentaire des segments particulièrement vulnérables de la population, les simulations nécessitent d'être combinées avec des données relatives aux ménages.

This article reviews the channels through which horticultural exports affect food security in developing countries. We describe the trends in horticultural export chains and investigate the macro- and micro-level effects on the different components of food security, including availability, access, utilization and stability. The available evidence suggests that horticultural exports contribute to food security in developing countries, particularly through the development of rural labor markets and female wage employment in companies. Important challenges remain; most notably the provision of secure employment at remunerative conditions and the sustainable use of water resources. Overcoming these challenges requires tighter national legislation but also private food standards may contribute. Empirical evidence that directly measures the impact of horticultural exports on food security and the underlying impact pathways is still completely missing and highly needed.

This article reviews the channels through which horticultural exports affect food security in developing countries. We describe the trends in horticultural export chains and investigate the macro- and micro-level effects on the different components of food security, including availability, access, utilization and stability. The available evidence suggests that horticultural exports contribute to food security in developing countries, particularly through the development of rural labor markets and female wage employment in companies. Important challenges remain; most notably the provision of secure employment at remunerative conditions and the sustainable use of water resources. Overcoming these challenges requires tighter national legislation but also private food standards may contribute. Empirical evidence that directly measures the impact of horticultural exports on food security and the underlying impact pathways is still completely missing and highly needed.

"This book examines the public stockholding policies of selected developing countries from the perspective of WTO rules and assesses whether the provisions of the Agreement on Agriculture (AoA) could hamper these countries' efforts to address the challenges of food security. Further, it highlights the need to amend the provisions of the AoA to make WTO rules just and fair for the millions of people suffering from hunger and malnutrition in developing countries. This book highlights that 12 countries namely China, Egypt, India, Indonesia, Jordan, Kenya, Morocco, Pakistan, Tunisia, Turkey, Zambia and Zimbabwe are facing or will face problems in implementing the food security policies due to the provisions under AoA. These provisions need to be amended for permitting developing countries to address hunger and undernourishment. Progress in WTO negotiations on public stockholding for food security purposes are also discussed and analysed. The findings of this study greatly benefit trade negotiators, policymakers, civil society, farmers groups, researchers, students and academics interested in issues related to the WTO, agriculture and food security."--Publisher's description

India is a country of diversity, very rich in agriculture and natural resources, whereagriculture has been the main occupation of the masses. The food grain production in Indiaduring 2011-12, has been at all time record level of 259.32 million tonnes (GOI 2012-13),which is supposed to be more than sufficient to feed 1.21 billion population of the country,but it is ironically and unfortunately true, that despite the huge stock of food grainsavailable with the Food Corporation of India, (henceforth known as FCI) stray cases ofhunger deaths are still being reported in the country.Notwithstanding mentions in the Constitution, the hunger and poverty in the country goesunabated. The State has not been able to provide food to all, at affordable cost. Here, foodmeans basic agriculture produces, like-wheat, rice, pulses and sugar. All these areimportant for a human being, because at least two full diets are required to satisfy thebiological need of food, or hunger. The huge population base and lack of sufficientdomestic production of foodgrain in the past, and import of foodgrain from other countries(before the green revolution), lack of purchasing power, geographical discontinuity anddifference in supply and demand of food grains in the country, required special efforts bythe central and state governments to create food security net.

Many important decisions that affect development outcomes are made by households and families. What factors affect the way resources are allocated within the household? Why does the division of rights, resources, and responsibilities within the household matter for food security? This case study focuses on one dimension of the intrahousehold allocation of resources: gender. It begins with a definition of the household and discusses the factors that affect the distribution of resources within the household (including, but not limited to, gender). It then presents empirical evidence from two studies by the International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI). The first examines the link between women's status and child nutrition, using data from nearly 40 developing countries, and the second investigates how the resources that husbands and wives bring to marriage affect household expenditures and child schooling outcomes in four developing countries. This case study then identifies various stakeholders, including men, women, and especially children within families; community leaders, civil society organizations, and development practitioners at the local level; and national-level policy makers and members of the donor community who are interested in eradicating poverty, reducing malnutrition, and improving gender equity. Finally, it suggests two broad policy options to achieve gender equity: (1) eradicating discrimination and (2) promoting active catch-up of women's status, providing examples of successful programs in Bangladesh, Guatemala, and Mexico. Your assignment is to recommend to the government of a country of your choice how gender aspects should be incorporated in government policy to improve household food security and the nutritional status of women and children. ; IFPRI4 ; FCND ; Non-PR