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This conference paper is available here with the kind permission of Taylor and Francis. ; This paper describes a pilot study that focused on the perceptions and performance of individuals when opening foodstuff packaging. Demographics are such that the number of people over 65 will increase by 11% by the year 2011 (National Government Statistics 2002). The needs of this section of the United Kingdom population are not adequately catered for in the design of food packaging. The aim of this study is to highlight the needs, aspirations and emotional response of a sample user group when opening basic packaging.

The global amount of waste generated by households, including food packaging waste, has been increasing continuously across the world, posing a massive threat to societies and the environment. Proper waste management, therefore, has become a challenging environmental issue and a priority for governments. Along with the technological advances, such as material recovery technologies, more stress has been placed on the strategies for moving away from disposal to waste prevention, separation, and recycling. Considerable efforts are being made to not only limit the overall production and the negative impact of waste on the environment and human health but also to minimize the cost of waste management. Separation of wastes at the source (i.e., source separation) is an integral part of such efforts toward enhancing the purity of collected waste and improving the quality of materials for recycling. Furthermore, sorting of waste as a habitual performance can serve as a practice for improving residents' recycling/sorting behavior. The packaging waste, including food packaging, forms a significant part of the municipal solid waste. The design of food packaging, therefore, has received a lot of attention as a useful tool to influence the consumers' sorting behavior, making it an interesting concept for research related to waste management. Presumably, the design of food packaging can meet consumers' sorting demands while being instructive and facilitating the sorting process, thus enhancing the recycling rate of the food packaging waste. Finding the ideal form of food packaging, however, requires an in-depth understanding of the packaging-consumer interactions throughout the sorting process. Considering the different characteristics of food packaging, it is expected that different food packages tend to influence a consumer in different ways. Nevertheless, the current knowledge is somewhat too general to be used by packaging developers to improve the sorting of the food packaging. Hence, the present thesis aims to provide a more in-depth insight into the influence of food packaging, as a product and service provider, on the consumer's/user's decision-making on sort of food packaging waste. The results assert that packaging to be sorted properly requires proper design to manifest its sorting related abilities such as easy to empty, easy to clean, and easy to fold, for the consumer. Selecting material, visual attributes, form, and function can amplify or reduce these sorting abilities of food packaging.

Antimicrobial food packaging: Challenges and achievements
Dr Kay Cooksey, Professor and Cryovac Chair at Clemson University, shares the potential of antimicrobial food packaging in mitigating microbial growth and the obstacles that have hindered the development of commercially available products thus far. Antimicrobial packaging is a segment of active packaging. The classical definition of active packaging is a package that senses the presence of something changing in the package and reacts to mitigate or affect the change. A good example is oxygen scavenging sachets that sense the presence of oxygen and use scavenger technology (iron powder is common) and can preferentially scavenge oxygen away from food. Antimicrobial packaging is similar in that it detects the presence of bacteria, yeast, or mold and either prevents it from growing or damages the microorganisms to the point that they cannot grow without optimal conditions. Research on antimicrobial packaging has been ongoing for over 40 years, yet there are few commercially available products. Those that are commercially available are currently in niche markets.

This paper gives an overview of the food packaging process in seven food companies in the dairy and confectionery sector. A total of 23 production runs have been analyzed regarding the three packers' rules outlined in the Serbian legislation and process capability tests related to statistical process control. None of the companies had any type of statistical process control in place. Results confirmed that more companies show overweight packaging compared to underfilling. Production runs are more accurate than precise, although in some cases the productions are both inaccurate and imprecise. Education / training of the new generation of food industry workers (both on operational and managerial level) with courses in the food area covering elements of quality assurance and statistical process control can help in implementing effective food packaging.

This paper gives an overview of the food packaging process in seven food companies in the dairy and confectionery sector. A total of 23 production runs have been analyzed regarding the three packers' rules outlined in the Serbian legislation and process capability tests related to statistical process control. None of the companies had any type of statistical process control in place. Results confirmed that more companies show overweight packaging compared to underfilling. Production runs are more accurate than precise, although in some cases the productions are both inaccurate and imprecise. Education / training of the new generation of food industry workers (both on operational and managerial level) with courses in the food area covering elements of quality assurance and statistical process control can help in implementing effective food packaging.

The sustainability issue has pushed the food industry, continually looking for new materials to reduce and replace plastics in their packaging. However, the recent development of novel materials is still less satisfactory due to different involvement from different vital players such as government, society, and industry. This paper analyzed the critical success factors of new material development for food packaging based on different key players, involvements, and interests. A survey was conducted by the authors to gather information related to the development factors and the participation factors based on the three key players. This research employed descriptive quantitative design. This design allows research to collect and describe the found clusters and factors. The results revealed that the critical success factors are classified into five clusters, namely technical substitution, technical drivers/barriers, application barriers, cost barriers, and raw material supply barriers. Differently from developed countries, the critical vital players' participation, especially from the government, was essential in developing new material for food packages. Keywords: critical success factor, descriptive quantitative, food industry, food packaging, sustainability development goals

The article's abstract is not available.

Due to population growth, urbanization, higher income levels, and intensive use of packaging products, the amount of waste generated by households, including food packaging waste, has been increasing continuously worldwide, posing a massive threat to societies and the environment. Therefore, proper waste management has become a challenging environmental issue and priority for governments. Along with the advances in technical aspects, such as material recovery technologies, more pressure has been placed on the strategies to move from disposal to waste prevention and recycling. Considerable efforts are being made to limit the overall production and the negative impact of waste on the environment and human health, as well as minimize the cost of waste management. Separation of different waste fractions at the source (i.e., source separation) is an integral part of such efforts toward enhancing the homogeneity of collected waste and improving the quality of materials for recycling. Sorting waste as a regular activity can also serve as a practice for improving residents' sorting behavior. However, the benefits of source separation cannot be gained without actively participating in the sorting process, which depends on the perception of convenience and the easy-to-implement nature of the process. Therefore, the design of food packaging has become an interesting concept for research and has received a lot of attention as a means to influence the consumers' sorting behavior. This is because in some way, consumer behavior is shaped by products as much as products are shaped by consumer behavior. Considering the unique characteristics of food packaging, it is expected that different food packages tend to influence a consumer in different ways. Hence, applying proper design strategies requires an in-depth understanding of packaging-consumer interactions throughout the sorting process. However, the research in this field, except for a few, is too general and usually associated with the impractical experiences around ...

The current food packaging model in most cases is a linear material flow model and is far from the sustainable alternative – circular economy – approach where materials are recycled and recovered at the end of each ser-vice life. High concern is rising on packaging waste and especially plastic packaging and negative environmen-tal impact. A number of factors, including policy and legislative changes, rising concerns on food and packaging waste, environmental contamination, and world demand for food and energy resources, undoubtedly make an impact on development of biodegradable and compostable packaging made from renewable environment friendly resources and a sustainable waste management opportunity at the end of product life. Food packaging industry already has options of compostable packaging that meets biodegradation and composting standards and does not impact environmental contamination, but a variety of existing bio-labels such as biobased, biode-gradable, and compostable appear misleading for consumers, and terms biodegradable and compostable are often used as synonyms, although they are not the same.

The current food packaging model in most cases is a linear material flow model and is far from the sustainable alternative – circular economy – approach where materials are recycled and recovered at the end of each ser-vice life. High concern is rising on packaging waste and especially plastic packaging and negative environmen-tal impact. A number of factors, including policy and legislative changes, rising concerns on food and packaging waste, environmental contamination, and world demand for food and energy resources, undoubtedly make an impact on development of biodegradable and compostable packaging made from renewable environment friendly resources and a sustainable waste management opportunity at the end of product life. Food packaging industry already has options of compostable packaging that meets biodegradation and composting standards and does not impact environmental contamination, but a variety of existing bio-labels such as biobased, biode-gradable, and compostable appear misleading for consumers, and terms biodegradable and compostable are often used as synonyms, although they are not the same.

The current food packaging model in most cases is a linear material flow model and is far from the sustainable alternative – circular economy – approach where materials are recycled and recovered at the end of each ser-vice life. High concern is rising on packaging waste and especially plastic packaging and negative environmen-tal impact. A number of factors, including policy and legislative changes, rising concerns on food and packaging waste, environmental contamination, and world demand for food and energy resources, undoubtedly make an impact on development of biodegradable and compostable packaging made from renewable environment friendly resources and a sustainable waste management opportunity at the end of product life. Food packaging industry already has options of compostable packaging that meets biodegradation and composting standards and does not impact environmental contamination, but a variety of existing bio-labels such as biobased, biode-gradable, and compostable appear misleading for consumers, and terms biodegradable and compostable are often used as synonyms, although they are not the same.

The current food packaging model in most cases is a linear material flow model and is far from the sustainable alternative – circular economy – approach where materials are recycled and recovered at the end of each ser-vice life. High concern is rising on packaging waste and especially plastic packaging and negative environmen-tal impact. A number of factors, including policy and legislative changes, rising concerns on food and packaging waste, environmental contamination, and world demand for food and energy resources, undoubtedly make an impact on development of biodegradable and compostable packaging made from renewable environment friendly resources and a sustainable waste management opportunity at the end of product life. Food packaging industry already has options of compostable packaging that meets biodegradation and composting standards and does not impact environmental contamination, but a variety of existing bio-labels such as biobased, biode-gradable, and compostable appear misleading for consumers, and terms biodegradable and compostable are often used as synonyms, although they are not the same.

The current food packaging model in most cases is a linear material flow model and is far from the sustainable alternative – circular economy – approach where materials are recycled and recovered at the end of each service life. High concern is rising on packaging waste and especially plastic packaging and negative environmental impact. A number of factors, including policy and legislative changes, rising concerns on food and packaging waste, environmental contamination, and world demand for food and energy resources, undoubtedly make an impact on development of biodegradable and compostable packaging made from renewable environment friendly resources and a sustainable waste management opportunity at the end of product life. Food packaging industry already has options of compostable packaging that meets biodegradation and composting standards and does not impact environmental contamination, but a variety of existing bio-labels such as biobased, biodegradable, and compostable appear misleading for consumers, and terms biodegradable and compostable are often used as synonyms, although they are not the same.