Suchergebnisse

AbstractFluoroquinolones (FQs) are a class of broad-spectrum antimicrobial agents that are used to treat variety of infectious diseases. This class of antibiotics was being used for patients exhibiting early symptoms of a human respiratory disease known as the COVID-19 virus. As a result, this outbreak causes an increase in drug-resistant strains and environmental pollution, both of which pose serious threats to biota and human health. Thus, to ensure public health and prevent antimicrobial resistance, it is crucial to develop effective detection methods for FQs determination in water bodies even at trace levels. Due to their characteristics like specificity, selectivity, sensitivity, and low detection limits, electrochemical biosensors are promising future platforms for quick and on-site monitoring of FQs residues in a variety of samples when compared to conventional detection techniques. Despite their excellent properties, biosensor stability continues to be a problem even today. However, the integration of nanomaterials (NMs) could improve biocompatibility, stability, sensitivity, and speed of response in biosensors. This review concentrated on recent developments and contemporary methods in FQs biosensors. Furthermore, a variety of modification materials on the electrode surface are discussed. We also pay more attention to the practical applications of electrochemical biosensors for FQs detection. In addition, the existing challenges, outlook, and promising future perspectives in this field have been proposed. We hope that this review can serve as a bedrock for future researchers and provide new ideas for the development of electrochemical biosensors for antibiotics detection in the future.

Background. Ciprofloxacin-resistant Campylobacter jejuni isolates obtained from infected patients in Australia have not been detected in studies of isolates from specific geographic areas. The Australian government has prohibited the use of fluoroquinolone in food-producing animals. To assess the impact of this policy, we have examined the antimicrobial susceptibility of isolates from 5 Australian states. Methods. We conducted a period-prevalence survey of the susceptibility of C. jejuni isolates to 10 antimicrobial agents. C. jejuni isolates obtained from 585 patients from 5 Australian states (Queensland, South Australia, Tasmania, Victoria, and Western Australia) were identified by means of notifiable disease databases and were systematically selected from September 2001 to August 2002. Results. Among locally acquired infections, only 2% of isolates (range, 0%-8% in different states) were resistant to ciprofloxacin. The locally acquired isolates also exhibited resistance to sulfisoxazole (55%), ampicillin (46%), roxithromycin (38%), tetracycline (7%), nalidixic acid (6%), chloramphenicol (3%), erythromycin (3%), gentamicin (2%), and kanamycin (0.2%). Treatment with antimicrobial agents in the 4 weeks before onset was not associated with ciprofloxacin resistance. Conclusions. The very low level of ciprofloxacin resistance in C. jejuni isolates likely reflects the success of Australia's policy of restricting use of fluoroquinolones in food-producing animals.

Background. Ciprofloxacin-resistant Campylobacter jejuni isolates obtained from infected patients in Australia have not been detected in studies of isolates from specific geographic areas. The Australian government has prohibited the use of fluoroquinolone in food-producing animals. To assess the impact of this policy, we have examined the antimicrobial susceptibility of isolates from 5 Australian states. Methods. We conducted a period-prevalence survey of the susceptibility of C. jejuni isolates to 10 antimicrobial agents. C. jejuni isolates obtained from 585 patients from 5 Australian states (Queensland, South Australia, Tasmania, Victoria, and Western Australia) were identified by means of notifiable disease databases and were systematically selected from September 2001 to August 2002. Results. Among locally acquired infections, only 2% of isolates (range, 0%-8% in different states) were resistant to ciprofloxacin. The locally acquired isolates also exhibited resistance to sulfisoxazole (55%), ampicillin (46%), roxithromycin (38%), tetracycline (7%), nalidixic acid (6%), chloramphenicol (3%), erythromycin (3%), gentamicin (2%), and kanamycin (0.2%). Treatment with antimicrobial agents in the 4 weeks before onset was not associated with ciprofloxacin resistance. Conclusions. The very low level of ciprofloxacin resistance in C. jejuni isolates likely reflects the success of Australia's policy of restricting use of fluoroquinolones in food-producing animals.

Introduction: In 2015 some estimations evaluated that 30% to 50% of antibiotic prescriptions in France were not conformed to the latest guidelines for good practice of antibiotic use. The resistance to antibiotics is a worldwide threat to public health, with a negative impact in patient outcomes. Our aim was to identify the determining factors in the prescription of fluoroquinolones (FQ) by the general practitioners (GP) in Guadeloupe (indications, choice of the molecule, dosage, duration and adaptation) and make an inventory of this prescription before and after corrective intervention. Methods: We realized a qualitative survey of the determinants of the prescription of FQ by the general practitioners of the quality groups in Guadeloupe in 2016. We then conducted a descriptive case-control study before and after corrective intervention, focused on the average number of prescribed boxes of FQ by these practitioners,during the first semester of 2016 and 2017. Results: Of the 94 physicians to include, 51 participated in the study. Of the 30 analyzable records, 90% (n = 27) of FQ prescriptions were for urinary tract disease with major use of Ofloxacin. Only 4 cards out of the 30 were fully compliant with FQ's policy of good practice, with 18 questionable indications and 15 nonconformities for the duration of prescription. For the descriptive study before and after corrective intervention, the FQ prescription of 86 doctors of the Guadeloupe quality groups could be compared to that of a control group with 199 GPs from Guadeloupe. Thus,we observed that between 2016 and 2017, the quality groups decreased their FQ prescription with an average of 19 to 17boxes per GP per semester whereas an upward trend could be observed in the control group increasing from 27 to 28. The corrective intervention was associated with an improvement in the prescription of fluoroquinolones by the physicians of the quality groups (p = 0.03). Conclusion: Our study showed that GPs of the quality groups used FQ mainly to treat diseases related to the urinary system, which is an approved indication of use in first intention only in case of acute nephritis. Dosages were respected but the duration was too long in half of the cases (n=15). On the basis of this observation, a corrective intervention was carried out and significantly improved the prescription of FQ by the physicians of the quality groups compared to that of the control group, but repeated intervention would probably have a greater impact. ; Introduction : En 2015, des estimations montraient que 30 à 50 % des antibiothérapies prescrites en France, n'étaient pas conformes aux dernières recommandations du bon usage des antibiotiques. La résistance bactérienne qui en résulte est un problème majeur de santé publique, avec un impact défavorable sur la morbi-mortalité des patients. L'objectif de cette étude était d'identifier les éléments déterminants dans la prescription des fluoroquinolones (FQ) par les médecins généralistes de Guadeloupe(indications, choix de la molécule, posologie, durée et adaptation) et faire un état des lieux de cette prescription avant et après intervention corrective. Méthodes : Il s'agit d'une enquête qualitative des éléments déterminants la prescription de FQ de janvier 2016 à juin 2017 par les médecins généralistes des groupes qualité de Guadeloupe,suivie d'une étude descriptive cas-témoins avant/après intervention corrective,centrée sur le nombre moyen semestriel de boites prescrites de FQ chez ces médecins au premier semestre 2016 et 2017. Résultats : Sur les 94 médecins à inclure, 54% (n=51) ont participé à l'étude. Sur les 30 fiches analysables, 90% (n=27) des prescriptions de FQ avaient pour principale indication une pathologie urinaire avec une utilisation prédominante d'Ofloxacine. Seules 4 fiches sur les 30 étaient entièrement conformes à la politique de bon usage des FQ, avec 18 indications discutables et 15 non-conformités pour la durée de prescription. Pour l'étude descriptive avant/après intervention corrective, on a pu observer qu'entre 2016 et 2017, les groupes qualité (86 médecins des groupes qualité) ont diminué leur prescription de FQ avec une moyenne de prescription semestrielle passant de 19 à 17, alors qu'une tendance à la hausse a pu être observée dans le groupe témoin (199 médecins généralistes) avec une moyenne semestrielle passant de 27 à 28. L'intervention corrective a été associée à une amélioration significative de la prescription des fluoroquinolones (p=0.03). Conclusion : Notre étude a montré que les médecins généralistes des groupes qualité utilisaient les FQ principalement pour traiter des pathologies en rapport avec l'appareil urinaire, ce qui représente une bonne indication en première intention uniquement pour les pyélonéphrites simples. Les posologies ont été respectées, mais la durée, elle, a été trop longue dans la moitié des cas (n=15). En partant de ce constat, une intervention corrective a été réalisée et a permis, une amélioration significative de la prescription des FQ par les médecins des groupes qualité par rapport à celle du groupe témoin qui devra surement être répétée pour obtenir des résultats pérennes.

Introduction: In 2015 some estimations evaluated that 30% to 50% of antibiotic prescriptions in France were not conformed to the latest guidelines for good practice of antibiotic use. The resistance to antibiotics is a worldwide threat to public health, with a negative impact in patient outcomes. Our aim was to identify the determining factors in the prescription of fluoroquinolones (FQ) by the general practitioners (GP) in Guadeloupe (indications, choice of the molecule, dosage, duration and adaptation) and make an inventory of this prescription before and after corrective intervention. Methods: We realized a qualitative survey of the determinants of the prescription of FQ by the general practitioners of the quality groups in Guadeloupe in 2016. We then conducted a descriptive case-control study before and after corrective intervention, focused on the average number of prescribed boxes of FQ by these practitioners,during the first semester of 2016 and 2017. Results: Of the 94 physicians to include, 51 participated in the study. Of the 30 analyzable records, 90% (n = 27) of FQ prescriptions were for urinary tract disease with major use of Ofloxacin. Only 4 cards out of the 30 were fully compliant with FQ's policy of good practice, with 18 questionable indications and 15 nonconformities for the duration of prescription. For the descriptive study before and after corrective intervention, the FQ prescription of 86 doctors of the Guadeloupe quality groups could be compared to that of a control group with 199 GPs from Guadeloupe. Thus,we observed that between 2016 and 2017, the quality groups decreased their FQ prescription with an average of 19 to 17boxes per GP per semester whereas an upward trend could be observed in the control group increasing from 27 to 28. The corrective intervention was associated with an improvement in the prescription of fluoroquinolones by the physicians of the quality groups (p = 0.03). Conclusion: Our study showed that GPs of the quality groups used FQ mainly to treat diseases related to the urinary system, which is an approved indication of use in first intention only in case of acute nephritis. Dosages were respected but the duration was too long in half of the cases (n=15). On the basis of this observation, a corrective intervention was carried out and significantly improved the prescription of FQ by the physicians of the quality groups compared to that of the control group, but repeated intervention would probably have a greater impact. ; Introduction : En 2015, des estimations montraient que 30 à 50 % des antibiothérapies prescrites en France, n'étaient pas conformes aux dernières recommandations du bon usage des antibiotiques. La résistance bactérienne qui en résulte est un problème majeur de santé publique, avec un impact défavorable sur la morbi-mortalité des patients. L'objectif de cette étude était d'identifier les éléments déterminants dans la prescription des fluoroquinolones (FQ) par les médecins généralistes de Guadeloupe(indications, choix de la molécule, posologie, durée et adaptation) et faire un état des lieux de cette prescription avant et après intervention corrective. Méthodes : Il s'agit d'une enquête qualitative des éléments déterminants la prescription de FQ de janvier 2016 à juin 2017 par les médecins généralistes des groupes qualité de Guadeloupe,suivie d'une étude descriptive cas-témoins avant/après intervention corrective,centrée sur le nombre moyen semestriel de boites prescrites de FQ chez ces médecins au premier semestre 2016 et 2017. Résultats : Sur les 94 médecins à inclure, 54% (n=51) ont participé à l'étude. Sur les 30 fiches analysables, 90% (n=27) des prescriptions de FQ avaient pour principale indication une pathologie urinaire avec une utilisation prédominante d'Ofloxacine. Seules 4 fiches sur les 30 étaient entièrement conformes à la politique de bon usage des FQ, avec 18 indications discutables et 15 non-conformités pour la durée de prescription. Pour l'étude descriptive avant/après intervention corrective, on a pu observer qu'entre 2016 et 2017, les groupes qualité (86 médecins des groupes qualité) ont diminué leur prescription de FQ avec une moyenne de prescription semestrielle passant de 19 à 17, alors qu'une tendance à la hausse a pu être observée dans le groupe témoin (199 médecins généralistes) avec une moyenne semestrielle passant de 27 à 28. L'intervention corrective a été associée à une amélioration significative de la prescription des fluoroquinolones (p=0.03). Conclusion : Notre étude a montré que les médecins généralistes des groupes qualité utilisaient les FQ principalement pour traiter des pathologies en rapport avec l'appareil urinaire, ce qui représente une bonne indication en première intention uniquement pour les pyélonéphrites simples. Les posologies ont été respectées, mais la durée, elle, a été trop longue dans la moitié des cas (n=15). En partant de ce constat, une intervention corrective a été réalisée et a permis, une amélioration significative de la prescription des FQ par les médecins des groupes qualité par rapport à celle du groupe témoin qui devra surement être répétée pour obtenir des résultats pérennes.

Over the past few decades quinolones are the most dynamically developed group of synthetic antimicrobials. They are also known as 4-quinolone, quinolone carboxylic acids and fluoroquinolones. They have excellent activity against gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria. Therefore they are the most commonly used classes of antibiotics in clinical medicine. Problem of most importance in fish is the effective control of infectious diseases. Thus the essential strategy is the use of antimicrobial agents. In the same time quinolones are preferred group for treatment of bacterial diseases in fish. Literature data show a disturbing perspective – the increase of cases of uncontrolled use of antimicrobials, which leads to danger for consumers, despite of definitive legislation in this area. Data of many authors show a great number of productive animals receive antimicrobials for food and therapeutic purposes. This is in connection to the uncontrolled sale of antibiotics in the veterinary pharmacies and their use by owners to treat their animal. The withdrawal periods are not respected. Therefore, the presence of residues of antimicrobial substances in meat and meat products, milk and dairy products, fish, eggs and honey are not uncommon. In series of studies enrofloxacin and ciprofloxacin residues have been identified in meat of two fish species: rainbow trout (Oncorhynhus mykiss) and common (cultural) carp (Cyprinus carpio) during storage. Pharmacokinetic studies have been carried out during storage. The results for enrofloxacin residues in trout meat during frozen storage determined a distinguished decrease after 180th day, while ciprofloxacin residues established a long time reduction to 270th day of the storage. Otherwise, the presence of enrofloxacin and ciprofloxacin residues in common carp meat showed the amount of enrofloxacin in 1st month of the study changed scarcely. In three months at a temperature of minus 18 ° C it was established a distinguished decrease of enrofloxacin. It was maintained until the end of ...

AbstractAntibiotics are probably known as "wonder drugs" that inhibit bacterial growth or kill bacteria. Fluoroquinolones (FQNs) are broad‐spectrum synthetic antibiotics having excellent oral absorption and outstanding biocompatibility. It was found that some of the antibiotics themselves have a fluorescent property, and this fluorescent ability of these antibiotics has potential applications in infection diagnosis, detection of antibiotics in the environment, tracking the antibiotic uptake, and the detection of bacterial infections. In this study, we have studied the influence of pH (2–12) on fluorescence intensity, UV‐Vis absorption, and surface charge properties of fluorescent antibiotics, such as moxifloxacin, ciprofloxacin, ofloxacin, levofloxacin, and norfloxacin. The purposed study is an easy, simple way of finding the presence of antibiotics and tracking bacterial infection by changing the pH value of the medium.

ABSTRACTBackground: Antimicrobial resistance results in increased morbidity, mortality, and costs to the health care system. Evidence suggests an association between the use of antimicrobials in hospitals and the development of antimicrobial resistance. Fluoroquinolones constitute one group of antimicrobials that are effective against a variety of bacterial infections, yet they may be subject to misuse. Many hospitals in Nova Scotia have implemented policies to improve antimicrobial prescribing, but the impact of these policies on utilization is unknown.Objectives: To evaluate the use of fluoroquinolones in Nova Scotia hospitals using the World Health Organization's Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical classification system with defined daily doses (ATC/DDD) and to examine the influence of hospital policies for utilization of fluoroquinolones in community-acquired pneumonia.Methods: During the study period (April 1, 1997, to March 31, 2003), fluoroquinolones were administered at 31 of the 37 hospitals in Nova Scotia's 9 district health authorities. Hospital administrative data, hospital characteristics, and pharmaceutical purchasing data related to use of these drugs were aggregated using the ATC/DDD methodology for the fiscal years 1997/1998 to 2002/2003. District pharmacy directors were surveyed to obtain information about district and individual hospital antibiotic policies. Descriptive statistics were calculated, and univariable regression and multilevel analyses were performed.Results: Mean overall fluoroquinolone use increased over the study period, from 47.2 DDD/1000 bed-days per year in fiscal year 1997/1998 to 163.8 DDD/1000 bed-days per year in fiscal year 2002/2003 (p < 0.001). Multilevel analysis showed that utilization policies aimed at appropriate prescribing did not affect the use of fluoroquinolones.Conclusion: This study revealed that drug purchasing, hospital administrative, and diagnostic data could be combined to compare the utilization of fluoroquinolones among different hospitals and district health authorities. Utilization policies had little effect on the amount, type, or route of fluoroquinolone use. ; RÉSUMÉContexte : La résistance aux antimicrobiens se traduit par une hausse de la morbidité, de la mortalité et des coûts pour le système de santé. Des données suggèrent un lien entre l'utilisation des antimicrobiens dans les hôpitaux et l'apparition de résistance antimicrobienne. Les fluoroquinolones, qui sont un groupe d'antimicrobiens efficaces contre une variété d'infections bactériennes, peuvent pourtant être mal utilisées. De nombreux hôpitaux en Nouvelle-Écosse ont donc mis de l'avant des politiques visant à améliorer la prescription des antimicrobiens, mais on ignore quelle est leur incidence sur l'emploi de ces derniers.Objectifs : Évaluer l'utilisation des fluoroquinolones dans les hôpitaux de la Nouvelle-Écosse, à l'aide du système de classification anatomique, thérapeutique et chimique (ATC) et des doses journalières définies (DDD) de l'Organisation mondiale de la Santé, et analyser l'influence des politiques des hôpitaux sur l'utilisation des fluoroquinolones dans le traitement des pneumonies extrahospitalières.Méthodes : Au cours de la période de l'étude (du 1er avril 1997 au 31 mars 2003), des fluoroquinolones ont été administrées dans 31 des 37 hôpitaux des 9 régies régionales de la santé de la Nouvelle-Écosse. Des données sur les caractéristiques démographiques, les diagnostics et l'achat des médicaments concernant l'utilisation des fluoroquinolones dans ces hôpitaux ont été groupées à l'aide de la méthode ATC/DDD pour les exercices financiers de 1997–1998 à 2002–2003. Les directeurs de pharmacie des régies ont répondu à un sondage pour obtenir des renseignements sur les politiques d'utilisation des antibiotiques des régies et de chaque hôpital. Des statistiques descriptives ont été compilées, et des analyses de régression à variable simple et de modélisation hiérarchique ont été effectuées.Résultats : L'utilisation moyenne globale de fluoroquinolones a augmenté pendant la période de l'étude, passant de 47,2 DDD/1000 jours-lits par année pour l'exercice financier de 1997–1998 à 163,8 DDD/1000 jours-lits pour l'exercice financier de 2002–2003 (p < 0,001). L'analyse hiérarchique a montré que les politiques d'utilisation visant une meilleure prescription des fluoroquinolones n'ont pas eu d'effet sur leur utilisation.Conclusion : Cette étude a révélé que les données sur l'achat des médicaments, les caractéristiques démographiques et les diagnostics pouvaient être combinées pour comparer l'utilisation des fluoroquinolones dans divers hôpitaux et régies régionales de la santé. Les politiques sur l'utilisation des antimicrobiens ont eu très peu d'effet sur la quantité et le type de fluoroquinolones utilisées ou leur voie d'administration.