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Flashbulb memories are vivid, confidently held, long-lasting memories for the personal circumstances of learning about an important event. Importance is determined, in part, by social group membership. Events that are relevant to one's social group, and furthermore, are congruent with the prior beliefs of that group, should be more likely to be retained as flashbulb memories. The Fukushima nuclear disaster was relevant to ongoing political conversations in both Germany and the Netherlands, but, while the disaster was congruent with German beliefs about the dangers of nuclear energy, it was incongruent with Dutch support for nuclear power. Danish participants would not have found the disaster to be particularly relevant. Partially consistent with this prediction, across two samples (N = 265 and N = 518), German participants were most likely to have flashbulb memories for the Fukushima disaster. Furthermore, event features thought to be related to flashbulb memory formation (e.g. ratings of importance and consequentiality) also differed as a function of nationality. Spontaneously generated flashbulb memories for events other than Fukushima also suggested that participants reported events that were relevant to national identity (e.g. the Munich attacks for Germans, the Utøya massacre for Danes, and Malaysian Airlines flight MH-17 for Dutch participants).

Flashbulb memories are vivid, confidently held, long-lasting memories for the personal circumstances of learning about an important event. Importance is determined, in part, by social group membership. Events that are relevant to one's social group, and furthermore, are congruent with the prior beliefs of that group, should be more likely to be retained as flashbulb memories. The Fukushima nuclear disaster was relevant to ongoing political conversations in both Germany and the Netherlands, but, while the disaster was congruent with German beliefs about the dangers of nuclear energy, it was incongruent with Dutch support for nuclear power. Danish participants would not have found the disaster to be particularly relevant. Partially consistent with this prediction, across two samples (N = 265 and N = 518), German participants were most likely to have flashbulb memories for the Fukushima disaster. Furthermore, event features thought to be related to flashbulb memory formation (e.g. ratings of importance and consequentiality) also differed as a function of nationality. Spontaneously generated flashbulb memories for events other than Fukushima also suggested that participants reported events that were relevant to national identity (e.g. the Munich attacks for Germans, the Utøya massacre for Danes, and Malaysian Airlines flight MH-17 for Dutch participants). (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2019 APA, all rights reserved)

Abstract
The two authors – one from literary and cultural studies, the other a cognitive psychologist – explore how the
interdisciplinary perspective of Memory Studies can broaden and enrich current research efforts on flashbulb memories (FBMs). FBMs
are memories of the circumstances in which one learned of a public emotionally charged event, such as 9/11. Psychological research
on FBMs have focused on their cognitive properties, their putative accuracy and confidence. But we claim that when seen in the
broader interdisciplinary perspective of collective memory research, FBMs emerge as inextricably linked up with social, cultural,
and narrative dynamics. This article therefore locates FBMs at the intersection of individual and collective memory narratives.
Connecting research in cognitive psychology with cultural Memory Studies, we explore how flashbulb narratives bear on social
identity and how they might travel across national boundaries or across generations. We further discuss how FBMs are tied to
culture, aesthetics, and media history.

Are Flashbulb memories special or ordinary memory formations? Are emotional, cognitive, or social factors highly relevant for the formation of Flashbulb memories? How can sociological, historical, and cultural issues help us to understand the process? What is the difference between Flashbulb memories, memories of traumatic experiences, and highly vivid personal memories? How can we provide a valid and reliable measure for Flashbulb memories? This edition of Flashbulb Memories: New Challenges and Future Perspectives revisits these questions, considering significant new evidence and research in the field. It now includes additional chapters focusing on experimental investigations, and review studies on positive vs. negative Flashbulb memories. Bringing together leading international researchers, the book presents significant progress in this area of research, which has remained divisive for the past 40 years. The discussion of Flashbulb memories also contributes to the understanding of the general functioning of autobiographical memory. It will provide essential reading for researchers in Flashbulb memories and will be of great interest to those in related areas such as cognitive psychology, social psychology, cross-cultural psychology, sociology, political sciences, and history, as well as clinicians dealing with those who have strong Flashbulb memories after personal traumatic events.

You rely on your memories for who you are as a person, where you have been, and what you have experienced in your life to date. But, what if it turned out that these memories that you hold closely aren't your memories at all? What if they were someone else's memories?This book documents the results of a research project investigating the effects of interpersonal relationship factors on shared reminiscence. Although memory and the factors that influence it have been researched more in recent years, there has been limited research which has measured the specific interpersonal effects of familiarity, trust, confidence, and memory esteem on memory distortion.There are four empirical chapters in this book. Within these four chapters are four separate, but related, studies, which examine the effects of interpersonal factors on memory distortion for ordinary events and for flashbulb memory of the terrorist attacks of September 11th, 2001.

Memory studies are a burgeoning industry in American academic circles. But whether considering "flashbulb memories" (Brown and Kulick 1977) or "mnemonic practices" (Olick and Robbins 1998), these studies are usually part of the sociology of knowledge, where it meets psychology and the cognitive sciences. While references to Maurice Halbwachs, the pioneer of the sociology of memory, are not totally absent from these publications, they tend to be reduced to a few obligatory quotations, which do not stimulate thought. Authors most frequently refer to the same compilation of writings translated and edited by Lewis A. Coser towards the end of his career (Halbwachs 1992),2 and seem unaware of Halbwachs' modifications to his theses on memory, made between the publication of Les Cadres sociaux de la memoire in 1925 and the later writings published in the posthumous collection La Memoire collective (Jaisson 2008; Namer 1997). Adapted from the source document.

This article is part of the special section titled The Genealogies of Memory, guest edited by Ferenc Laczó and Joanna Wawrzyniak In our contribution, we examine the vernacular memory of the end of Communism and the year 1989 in Europe. Analyzing sixteen focus groups conducted in Germany, Poland, Spain, and the United Kingdom, we concentrate on the question whether the events related to 1989 might have the disposition to become a transnational European lieu de mémoire. We show that 1989 is not a salient historical event for British and Spanish participants, while Polish and German respondents do connect it with patterns of national identity building. Differences between vernacular and official memories could be revealed as respondents hardly mentioned the democratic achievements made in the course of the transitions. A transnational dimension was only found in Poland, where respondents articulate a feeling of neglect toward their own national history. The Solidarity movement is being interpreted as a motor of liberation and Europeanization of Poland and as a pioneer of democratization on a European scale. German respondents remain in their national frame, focusing on flashbulb memories of the fall of the Berlin Wall and the issue of social integration of East and West Germany after 1990, which they evaluate as imperfect. The strong national bias of Polish and German focus groups raises doubts as to whether 1989 can become a transnational basis for a shared European memory.

We examined and compared the initiating conditions of flashbulb memory (FBM) confidence and event memory accuracy across two different, yet similar public, political events occurring in two different countries: Australia and Japan. To do so, we seized upon the occurrence of two politically important events: the resignation of the Japanese and Australian Prime Ministers in June 2010. In a series of mean and correlation analyses, we concluded that different factors may determine event memory accuracy and FBM confidence across cultures. In particular, the way different cultures emotionally appraise and rehearse the event, their attitude toward the political parties/their political involvement and self-construal may have important implications for how individuals accurately remember the event and the confidence they hold for their memories of the context when learning of the event. We discuss avenues of future research to better understand the extent to which cultural differences drove these results.

We examined and compared the initiating conditions of flashbulb memory (FBM) confidence and event memory accuracy across two different, yet similar public, political events occurring in two different countries: Australia and Japan. To do so, we seized upon the occurrence of two politically important events: the resignation of the Japanese and Australian Prime Ministers in June 2010. In a series of mean and correlation analyses, we concluded that different factors may determine event memory accuracy and FBM confidence across cultures. In particular, the way different cultures emotionally appraise and rehearse the event, their attitude toward the political parties/their political involvement and self-construal may have important implications for how individuals accurately remember the event and the confidence they hold for their memories of the context when learning of the event. We discuss avenues of future research to better understand the extent to which cultural differences drove these results.

"Memory and Sexual Misconduct: Psychological Research for Criminal Justice investigates the veracity of memories of sexual misconduct and the factors that may influence accurate recall, and fundamentally assesses whether psychological science can help the criminal justice system in determining which accusations are likely to be accurate, and which are not. In recent years, the public has been inundated with announcements of sexual assault allegations, in particular against public figures like politicians, business men, movie moguls, and professional athletes. Many of these accusations concern events that occurred several years prior to their announcements and trials. Drawing upon a compilation of real-life sexual assault cases and psychological science on recall and sexual trauma, this book provides an analysis of memory reports of sexual misconduct, including inappropriate comments, behaviors, harassment, and assault. It compares these memories with other types of memory, such as flashbulb memories, co-witness conformity memory, and autobiographical memory. Memory and Sexual Misconduct helps readers interpret the role of emotion, the level of detail, and the possible distinction between someone remembering a past event and believing the past event occurred. By providing a thorough evaluation of the likelihood that misconduct memories are accurate and investigating factors that affect this accuracy, Memory and Sexual Misconduct is an invaluable text to both the criminal justice system and the general public, particularly as sexual misconduct allegations of past events continue to come to light"--

Публикация посвящена изданию, основанному на фотодокументах из личных фондов, хранящихся в Государственном архиве Пермского края. Акцент при этом сделан не столько на раскрытии содержания ретроспективного сборника документов, сколько на его смыслах и (на)значениях, задаваемых актуальными дискуссиями о визуальной политике, визуальных практиках и визуальной культуре второй половины XIX – конца XX веков. Подчеркивается, что настоящее издание является одним из важных шагов на пути к открытию и изучению «заповедных» материалов различных фотодокументальных собраний, а вместе с ними – и новых страниц памяти о былом.
The paper reviews the publication that is based on photographic documents from personal collections stored in the State Archive of Perm Krai. The emphasis is placed not so much on the contents of the retrospective collection of documents as on its meaning and purpose that are being set by the current discussions on visual policy, visual practices, and visual culture of the second half of the 19th – late 20th centuries. It is stressed that this publication is an important step towards the discovery and study of "reserved" materials from various photo-documentary collections and, together with them, new pages in the memory of the past.

Drawing on 40 life-stories of Jewish-Israeli television viewers collected over the years 2004—6, this article makes three claims. First, it suggests that the formation of memory is tightly intertwined with television viewing, both at the individual level and the collective levels of the family and the nation. It elaborates on a typology of television memories, differentiating between wallpaper memories, flashbulb memories, media events and close encounters. Second, it asserts that in Israel, the nation remains a major framework for apprehending collective memory. Nevertheless, fragmentation can be felt: immigration and ethnicity play a role, as does commercialization. Finally, it makes a methodological claim about the ways collective memory can best be studied. Examining the reception of audiences, in addition to the common focus on memory texts, reveals that even with commercialized, fragmentized television, Jewish-Israeli viewers share a strong sense of common memories and a collective past.