Suchergebnisse

In Latin America and Colombia, the highest percentage indices of social inequality are concentrated, it is the region where the gap between the rich minority and the poor majority is the largest and most extreme. Therefore, they must have a tax system that plays a redistributive role of wealth, as well as their tax policies, must be aimed at significantly reducing poverty. Interpreting this aspiration, the Political Constitution of Colombia (1991). In such a way, it is intended to make specific reflections on the redistributive capacity of tax policy in Latin America, especially on tax progressiveness in Colombia, in turn define the Challenges of this against the OECD countries. ; En América Latina y, concretamente en Colombia, se concentran los mayores índices porcentuales de desigualdad social; es la región donde la brecha entre la minoría rica y la mayoría pobre es la más grande y extrema. Por tanto, se debe implementar un sistema tributario que juegue un papel redistribuidor de riquezas; a su vez, sus políticas impositivas deben estar orientadas a la disminución significativa de la pobreza. Interpretando esta aspiración está la Constitución Política de Colombia de 1991. En este artículo se realizan reflexiones puntuales sobre la capacidad redistributiva de la política tributaria en América Latina, especialmente sobre la progresividad impositiva en Colombia, y se definen los desafíos de esta frente a los países de la Organización para la Cooperación y el Desarrollo Económicos (OCDE). ; Na América Latina e na Colômbia, concentram-se os maiores índices percentuais de desigualdade social, é a região onde o fosso entre a minoria rica e a maioria pobre é maior e mais extrema. Portanto, eles devem ter um sistema tributário que desempenhe um papel redistributivo da riqueza, assim como suas políticas fiscais devem ter como objetivo reduzir significativamente a pobreza. Interpretando essa aspiração, a Constituição Política da Colômbia (1991). Com isso, pretende-se fazer reflexões específicas sobre a capacidade ...

The main goal of this article is to find the relationship between public fiscal policy and economic growth. The article consist of a few parts. The first is an introduction, which creates the background for the analysis in the following sections. It shows the main point of view on public fiscal policy especially in the case of personal income tax and creates a framework for the analysis of the relationship between taxation and economic growth. The second part focuses on the relations between central government decisions on taxation and its influence on savings, investments and economic growth. In this part we will find selected analyses of the impact of taxes on economic growth based on the examples of OECD countries. Finally, the last part of the work is a study on fiscal level and tax system structures and economic growth. In this part the authors checks two points of view on taxation. The first is that a low level tax burden is conducive to economic growth, and the second emphasizes negative consequences of decreasing budget tax revenues. The article shows both theoretical and empirical points of view on taxation and influence of government taxation decisions on the economy.

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to investigate the revenue‐expenditure nexus in the case of the 15 members of the European Union.Design/methodology/approachThe paper uses a VECM framework to determine the causal ordering between these two macroeconomic aggregates.FindingsThe empirical tests have yielded mixed results. The fiscal synchronisation hypothesis is supported for Denmark, Greece, Ireland, The Netherlands, Portugal and Sweden while, in the case of Austria, Belgium and Germany, the results point to the institutional separation hypothesis. Unidirectional causality from revenue to expenditure appears to be the case for Italy and Spain while the reverse causal ordering is found for Luxembourg. The findings also suggest the presence of the Buchanan‐Wagner hypothesis for Finland, France and the UK.Originality/valueThe determination of the causal ordering between these two macroeconomic aggregates has important implications for fiscal policy and the concomitant determination of budgetary balances. This is particularly true for the countries that participate in the eurozone and thus fall under the provisions of the stability and growth pact.

"Presenting innovative modelling approaches to the analysis of fiscal policy and government debt, this book moves beyond previous models that have relied upon the assumption that various age-specific rates and policy variables remain unchanged when it comes to generating government expenditures and tax revenues. As a result of population ageing, current policy settings in many countries are projected to lead to unsustainable levels of public debt; Tax Policy and Uncertainty explores models that allow for feedbacks and uncertainty to combat this. Applicable to any country, the models in the book explore the optimal timing and extent of tax changes in the face of anticipated high future debt. Chapters produce stochastic debt projections, including probability distribution of debt ratios at each point in time. It also offers important analysis of fiscal policy trade-offs as well as providing advice on when and by how much tax rates should be increased. Economics scholars focusing on fiscal policy will appreciate the improved models in this book that allow both for uncertainty and feedback effects arising from responses to increased debt. It will also be helpful to economic policy advisors and economists in government departments"--

The paper presents comparisons of fiscal policy - tax amongst different countries. Many developed countries and developing countries have used fiscal policy Tax-oriented to develop the economy. Taxes transition in the Western Balkan countries is oriented reforms modeled according to three main priorities: 1- Simplification of the tax system, 2- Establish transparency and clear procedures and 3- Safety that the legislation has being implemented fairly. Increasing taxes is intended to increase budget revenues can often be self-defeating and that public authorities should limit contributions to social insurance funds in order to stimulate job creation and development of small and medium. At the same time, some transition countries have embraced fiscal policy as a potential tool for attracting foreign direct investments in the country. Taxes (fiscal policy) have their importance to the need for improved the projected benefits of the field in stimulating and building profitable economic sectors. States through the tax impact on attracting foreign investment and increase employment of the population as is the case of Slovakia in attracting Hyundai to invest offering low taxes and the tax holiday period. Tax legislation is such an area. A second perspective about the ability of governments is to use taxes in order to encourage more business. Some new countries acceding EU taxes are reduced to a level such that the older members are talking about "unfair competition". The case of Slovakia has established a single quote for income tax (19%) mimicking the pattern in which the Baltic countries have experimented for years. Corporate taxes are also lower in countries such as Poland and Hungary. Another example Austria, has decided to develop similar policies in order to stem a possible removal of the capital. Although national fiscal policies represent a wide range of variation within the EU. European Union and competitive area best in the world in terms of knowledge-based economy reinforces this fear (capital flight). It may be only a matter of time before the European Commission in Brussels to deal with the definition of "rules" intended to administer tax competition within the EU. DOI:10.5901/ajis.2013.v2n8p463

This article reviews recent research in fiscal sociology. We specifically examine contributions to the study of taxation that illuminate core issues in the sociology of contemporary capitalism, including the causes of poverty and inequality in rich countries and of inequality between rich and poor countries. Research on developed countries suggests that tax policy changes are important for explaining rising income inequality, tax policies may structure durable inequalities of race and gender, and earnings-conditional tax subsidies may alleviate poverty more effectively and with less stigma than means-tested social spending. Scholars also find the most generous welfare states rely the most heavily on regressive taxes, although there is disagreement over how this association arises. Comparative research on developing countries shows consumption taxes are more conducive to growth than taxes on income, tax-financed spending benefits growth if it is spent on productive investments, and taxation strengthened democracy and state building in medieval and early modern Europe. However, there is disagreement as to whether taxation contributes to state building in contemporary developing countries and whether foreign aid undermines democracy by undermining taxation. These questions are the focus of considerable current research.

This article reviews recent research in fiscal sociology. We specifically examine contributions to the study of taxation that illuminate core issues in the sociology of contemporary capitalism, including the causes of poverty and inequality in rich countries and of inequality between rich and poor countries. Research on developed countries suggests that tax policy changes are important for explaining rising income inequality, tax policies may structure durable inequalities of race and gender, and earnings-conditional tax subsidies may alleviate poverty more effectively and with less stigma than means-tested social spending. Scholars also find the most generous welfare states rely the most heavily on regressive taxes, although there is disagreement over how this association arises. Comparative research on developing countries shows consumption taxes are more conducive to growth than taxes on income, tax-financed spending benefits growth if it is spent on productive investments, and taxation strengthened democracy and state building in medieval and early modern Europe. However, there is disagreement as to whether taxation contributes to state building in contemporary developing countries and whether foreign aid undermines democracy by undermining taxation. These questions are the focus of considerable current research.

Examines ways in which specific measures of trade policy reform and country characteristics may affect government revenue. Identifies country-and reform-characterstics that can be expected to influence the vulnerability to, and direction of, trade-reform-induced revenue changes. Examines empirical evidence using cross-sectional and case study material. (SJK)