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"Principles of Fire Prevention, Fourth Edition meets and exceeds the FESHE Associate Core level course called Fire Prevention (C0276). It will provide readers with a thorough understanding of how fire prevention and protection programs can greatly reduce fire loss, deaths, and injuries. The Third Edition features current statistics, codes, standards and references to the latest edition of NFPA Standard 1031, Standard for Professional Qualifications for Fire Inspector and Plan Examiner. Additionally, Principles of Fire Prevention, Fourth Edition covers the elements of public education, plan review, inspection, fire investigation, community risk reduction as well as the logistics of staffing and financial management so that readers are fully prepared to lead successful fire prevention programs"--

В статье представлены вопросы, связанные с последствиями вступления в силу Распоряжения Европарламента и Совета ЕС № 305/2011 от 9 марта 2011 года. Распоряжение устанавливает гармонизированные условия вступления на рынок строительных изделий и отклоняет Директиву Совета ЕС 89/106/EWG для действующих в Польше правил, касающихся пожарной безопасности зданий. Правила описанные в распоряжении ЕС соответствуют решениям используемым много лет в Западной Европе, однако, в Польше, надо ещё к ним приспособиться. Поэтому, автор указал самые важные решения, которые в этой ситуации должны быть применены в нашей стране. Очень важным является вопрос чётких расписаний в правовых актах ситуаций, в которых обеспечивается пользователям зданий возможность эвакуации в случае пожара, от ситуаций, когда людям обеспечивается выживание в ситуации пожара в безопасной части здания. Требование распоряжения ЕС, чтобы конструкция здания сохранила грузоподъемность на возможное определелённое время, достаточное чтобы люди могли покинуть здание, а спасательные группы были в безопасности, значительно ограничено чрезмерным использованием зданий класса E пожарной устойчивости, которых грузоподъемность не определяется классом огневой устойчивости. В странах ЕС большие требования ставятся на деятельность пользователей объектов по обнаруживанию пожара, действий направленных на ограничение его развития ещё до приезда спасательных групп извне. Необходимой является возможность использования простых в обслуге внутренних гидрантов с полужестким шлангом. В растущем числе стран, строительно-технические правила формируют таким образом, чтобы можно было использовать различные инженерные методы. Эти методы способствуют лучшему приспособлению метод, применяемых в здании для нужд, связанных с безопасностью, а лучшее приспособление обозначает более низкие затраты на инвестиции. Строительное распоряжение ЕС включает обязанность выполнения основных требований для зданий, в том числе для пожарной безопасности, за весь период использования этих зданий. Для проверки реализации этой обязанности служат периодические осмотры зданий, которые в Польши надо расширить, добавляя общие контроли за выполнением требований пожарной безопасности зданий, потому что сейчас их проводят в очень ограниченной степени. ; This article describes questions related to coming into force of Regulation (EU) No 305/2011 of The European Parliament and The Council of 9 March 2011 laying down harmonized conditions for the marketing of construction products and repealing Council Directive 89/106/EEC, for existing in Poland regulations on fire safety of buildings. The provisions of the EU Regulation are in accordance with the solutions being used for many years in Western Europe, however, Poland has to start adjusting them, that is why the author pointed out the significant improvements that need to be adapted in our country in this situation. The key issue indicated in the provisions is a clear distinction between two situations: when in case of fire a possibility for people to escape from buildings is provided, and when people are enabled to survive fire in a safe part of the building. The requirement of the EU Regulation that the structure of the building needs to keep load capacity during fire by certain time frame sufficiently enough to ensure the opportunity to leave the building by the people and taking into account the safety of rescue teams significantly reduces too wide scope of building with class 'E' fire resistance set in Poland, in which the supporting construction do not need to have any fire resistance category. In the EU, the emphasis is placed on the action taken by the building users after fire is detected, leading to a reduction of fire spreading, even before the arrival of rescue teams. The possibility to use user-friendly indoor hydrants with semirigid hose is essential. Nowadays in many countries technical and building regulations are formulated in such a way that benefits from widespread use of engineering methods. These methods allow the best solutions being fit to the buildings to meet the security standards and this also means lower investment costs. The EU Construction Products Regulation contains obligation to remain the basic requirements for buildings, including fire safety requirements throughout their usage time. Periodic inspections of buildings check if these requirements are fulfilled; however, in Poland there is a need to extend this control with general inspections checking fulfilment of the requirements of fire safety of buildings, as they are currently implemented only to a very limited extent.

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper was to examine the transformation of fire prevention processes via improved targeting of fire prevention interventions over a four-year period.


Design/methodology/approach
– A four-year case study of the transformation of fire prevention processes involving a UK fire and rescue service, local council, National Health Service primary care trust and a police force was undertaken.


Findings
– Understanding the socio-economic causal factors underlying unintentional dwelling fires, and the need to work in collaborative partnerships to achieve change in such factors can support more targeted and effective fire prevention activities.


Research limitations/implications
– Analysis of underlying causal factors and their relationships, together with population segmentation and working in coordinated collaborative partnerships, can support enhanced fire risk assessment and community safety. This supported more pro-active early intervention fire risk management.


Practical implications
– Analysis of socio-economic causal factors and socio-economic groups associated with unintentional dwelling fires can assist in targeting fire prevention activities in a more effective and efficient manner. This enabled the fire and rescue service to target fire prevention to social groups most at risk of dwelling fires and the types of fires (for example, kitchen fires) relevant to the different social groups.


Social implications
– Collaborative public sector partnerships can achieve change in the socio-economic circumstances of at-risk individuals to support fire prevention. This enables the social- and health-related factors underlying fire risk to be addressed by the relevant partner health or social services agencies.


Originality/value
– The detailed analysis of the transformation of fire prevention activities that led to an implemented approach to enhance community safety. In particular, the analysis and evaluation of the move to collaborative multi-agency partnerships to support and improve fire prevention activities.

Swedish emergency services still have relatively limited resources and time for proactive fire prevention. As a result of this, there is an extensive need for strategic working methods and knowledge to take advantage of spatial analyses. In addition, decision-making based on visualizations and analyses of their own collected data has the potential to increase the validity of strategic decisions. The objective of this paper is to critically examine how some different geovisualization techniques&mdash ; point data, kernel density and choropleth mapping&mdash ; actively can complement each other and be applied in fire preventive work. The results show that each technique itself has limitations, but that, in combination, they increase the scope for interpretation and the possibilities of targeting different forms of preventive measures. The investigated geovisualization techniques facilitate various forms of fire prevention such as identifying which areas to prioritize for outreach, home visits, identification and targeting of different risk groups and customized information campaigns about certain types of fires in risk-prone areas. Furthermore, fairly simple mapping techniques can be utilized directly to evaluate incident reports and increase the quality of geocoded fire incidents. The study also shows how some of these techniques can be applied when analyzing residential fire incidents and their relation to underlying structural and socio-economic factors as well as spatio-temporal dimensions of fire incident data. The spatial analyses and supporting maps can help find and predict risk areas for residential fires or be used directly to formulate hypotheses on fire patterns. The generic functionality of the visualization methods makes them also useful for visual analysis of other types of incidents, such as reported crimes and accidents. Finally, the results are applicable to a work process adapted to the Swedish legislation on confidential data.