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Grassland field margins are able to maximise plant diversity at field scale
In: Ecological Complexity and Sustainability. Challenges & Opportunities for 21st Century's Ecology. 2007; EcoSummit 2007 - Ecological Complexity and Sustainability: Challenges and Opportunities for 21st-Century's Ecology, Beijing, CHN, 2007-05-22-2007-05-27, 96
In Europe, the rapid increase of intensification of farming practices which occurs since 1970's, is partly responsible of decline of farmland biodiversity. The Rio de Janeiro Declaration on Environment and Development in 1992 confirmed this fact and urged governments to encourage sustainable development, and especially sustainable agriculture. Organic farming is seen as a farming production system to satisfy this sustainability, by for example extensification of farming practices. This potential of organic farming had largely confirmed for animal taxa and weed species, but less for permanent grassland vegetation. We want to describe and explain dynamics of permanent grassland vegetation after the conversion to organic farming, in the case of a dairy farm in conversion since October of 2004. The aims of the present study is to highlight the influence of changes in farming practices on permanent grassland vegetation, and to know if organic farming practices favor certain grassland plant species according to their dissemination traits. We clustered 63 permanent grassland fields in 4 groups according to farming practices applied (amounts of inorganic and organic nitrogen sprayed, number of mowing by year and grazing intensity). The herbaceous vegetation of centre and margin was sampling in 23 fields during the spring of 2006. This work shows that farming practices which decrease plant diversity in the centre of the fields, have the same influence on vegetation of field margins. Plant species richness and diversity are greater in field margins than in centre of the fields, broadly and for quasi each distinguished class. Thus, permanent grassland margins acts as refugia for plant species which are absent in the centre and which will be able to establish them in field centre after extensification of farming practices. The main interest of our work is to explain the differences observed in our study between centres and margins with the awareness of plant strategies particularly the plant functional traits implied in the plant spreading. This analysis is in progress and it is completed by the use of spatial statistical methodologies in order to highlight the spatial patterns of plant spreading at field scale.
BASE
Grassland field margins are able to maximise plant diversity at field scale
International audience ; In Europe, the rapid increase of intensification of farming practices which occurs since 1970's, is partly responsible of decline of farmland biodiversity. The Rio de Janeiro Declaration on Environment and Development in 1992 confirmed this fact and urged governments to encourage sustainable development, and especially sustainable agriculture. Organic farming is seen as a farming production system to satisfy this sustainability, by for example extensification of farming practices. This potential of organic farming had largely confirmed for animal taxa and weed species, but less for permanent grassland vegetation. We want to describe and explain dynamics of permanent grassland vegetation after the conversion to organic farming, in the case of a dairy farm in conversion since October of 2004. The aims of the present study is to highlight the influence of changes in farming practices on permanent grassland vegetation, and to know if organic farming practices favor certain grassland plant species according to their dissemination traits. We clustered 63 permanent grassland fields in 4 groups according to farming practices applied (amounts of inorganic and organic nitrogen sprayed, number of mowing by year and grazing intensity). The herbaceous vegetation of centre and margin was sampling in 23 fields during the spring of 2006. This work shows that farming practices which decrease plant diversity in the centre of the fields, have the same influence on vegetation of field margins. Plant species richness and diversity are greater in field margins than in centre of the fields, broadly and for quasi each distinguished class. Thus, permanent grassland margins acts as refugia for plant species which are absent in the centre and which will be able to establish them in field centre after extensification of farming practices. The main interest of our work is to explain the differences observed in our study between centres and margins with the awareness of plant strategies particularly the plant ...
BASE
Grassland field margins are able to maximise plant diversity at field scale
International audience ; In Europe, the rapid increase of intensification of farming practices which occurs since 1970's, is partly responsible of decline of farmland biodiversity. The Rio de Janeiro Declaration on Environment and Development in 1992 confirmed this fact and urged governments to encourage sustainable development, and especially sustainable agriculture. Organic farming is seen as a farming production system to satisfy this sustainability, by for example extensification of farming practices. This potential of organic farming had largely confirmed for animal taxa and weed species, but less for permanent grassland vegetation. We want to describe and explain dynamics of permanent grassland vegetation after the conversion to organic farming, in the case of a dairy farm in conversion since October of 2004. The aims of the present study is to highlight the influence of changes in farming practices on permanent grassland vegetation, and to know if organic farming practices favor certain grassland plant species according to their dissemination traits. We clustered 63 permanent grassland fields in 4 groups according to farming practices applied (amounts of inorganic and organic nitrogen sprayed, number of mowing by year and grazing intensity). The herbaceous vegetation of centre and margin was sampling in 23 fields during the spring of 2006. This work shows that farming practices which decrease plant diversity in the centre of the fields, have the same influence on vegetation of field margins. Plant species richness and diversity are greater in field margins than in centre of the fields, broadly and for quasi each distinguished class. Thus, permanent grassland margins acts as refugia for plant species which are absent in the centre and which will be able to establish them in field centre after extensification of farming practices. The main interest of our work is to explain the differences observed in our study between centres and margins with the awareness of plant strategies particularly the plant ...
BASE
Aeration of the teuftal landfill: Field scale concept and lab scale simulation
In: Waste management: international journal of integrated waste management, science and technology, Band 55, S. 99-107
ISSN: 1879-2456
Field-Scale Evaluation of Low-Elevation and Mobile Drip Irrigation Systems
In: AGWAT-D-24-01455
SSRN
Field scale variability of N2-fixation in legume and grass mixtures
In: Plant Nutrition, S. 732-733
A comparison of refuse attenuation in laboratory and field scale lysimeters
In: Waste management: international journal of integrated waste management, science and technology, Band 22, Heft 1, S. 29-35
ISSN: 1879-2456
Emissions from mechanically-biologically treated waste landfills at field scale
Modern waste management tends towards greater sustainability in landfilling, with the implementation of strategies such as the pretreatment of solid waste. This work assesses the behaviour of rejects from a refining stage of mechanically-biologically treated municipal solid waste at the landfill. The main results of 18 months' monitoring of an experimental pilot cell with waste from a full-scale plant are presented. This first stages are expected to be the most problematic period for this type of waste. The evolution of the temperature and the composition of leachate and gas at various points within the cell are included. During the first weeks, pollutant concentrations in the leachate exceeded the reference ranges in the literature, coinciding with a rapid onset of methanogenic conditions. However, there was a quick wash, reducing concentrations to below one third of the initial values before the first year. pH values influenced concentrations of some pollutants such as copper. These results indicate that, right from the beginning of disposal, such facilities should be prepared to treat a high pollution load in the leachate and install the gas emissions control elements due to the rapid onset of methanogenesis. ; This work is funded by the Spanish Ministry of Economics and Competitiveness through the CTM2012-35055 project. The project is financed jointly by the European Regional Development Fund, FEDER (operational period 2007-2013). The authors wish to thank the Government of Cantabria, through the public company MARE, and TirCantabria, the landfill operator company, for their collaboration.
BASE
Stability of saprolitic slopes: nature and role of field scale heterogeneities
In: Natural hazards and earth system sciences: NHESS, Band 6, Heft 1, S. 89-96
ISSN: 1684-9981
Abstract. Heterogeneities in various forms and scales often control the mechanisms and locations of failure and deformation, and the factor of safety of saprolitic slopes. This paper presents a critical review of field scale heterogeneities and their roles in controlling the stability of saprolitic slopes. In particular corestones and relict joints are analysed, with emphasis on characterization and possible instability modes. Abnormal flow patterns, fast build-up and/or chaotic distribution of pore water pressure are the most common causative factors of landslides. As heterogeneities are often responsible for the occurrence of such localized abnormalities, realistic models incorporating effects of these features can help predict how and where abnormal flow/pressure patterns may develop. Potential pitfalls during ground investigation in landslide prone slopes are elucidated and effective investigation strategies to avoid these pitfalls are recommended. The uncertainties, for example, in distribution and volumetric percentage of corestones and in delineating zonal boundaries, require continuous upgrading of the engineering geological model during the construction stage of site investigations. Such uncertainties can be reduced in a cost-effective manner by recording drill penetration rates during installation of soil nails and horizontal drains. A better understanding of the interactions among the heterogeneities, the matrix and the engineering geological environment as a whole should enable the significance of discrete features in stability to be more consistently assessed, thereby providing a more rational basis for investigation and design practice in saprolitic profiles.
Mimera: An Online Tool for the Sustainable Pesticide Use at Field Scale
In: STOTEN-D-22-14114
SSRN
A Field-Scale Soil Erosion Study: An Example from a North Florida Farm
In: CATENA17164
SSRN
An instrumented, field-scale research facility for drainage and water quality studies
In: Computers and Electronics in Agriculture, Band 12, Heft 2, S. 131-145
Sowing date detection at the field scale using CubeSats remote sensing
In: Computers and electronics in agriculture: COMPAG online ; an international journal, Band 157, S. 568-580
ISSN: 1872-7107
Field-Scale Nutrient Cycling and Sustainability: Comparing Natural and Agricultural Ecosystems
In: Agroecosystem Sustainability; Advances in Agroecology, S. 121-134