Suchergebnisse

Bu çalışmada, Türkiye'de bankacılık sektöründe yer alan yabancı sermayeli mevduat bankalarının sermaye yeterlilikleri ile karlılıkları arasındaki ilişki analiz edilmiştir. Türkiye'de bankacılık sektöründe karlılığı etkileyen birçok çalışma olmasına karşın banka grupları açısından yapılan çalışmalar sınırlıdır. Çalışmada yabancı bankalar için 2004-2016 dönemine ait verilerden hareketle sermaye yeterliliği ile karlılık arasındaki ilişki, ARDL Sınır Testi yaklaşımı kullanılarak belirlenmeye çalışılmıştır. Çalışmanın sonucunda Türkiye'de faaliyet gösteren yabancı mevduat bankalarında sermaye yeterliliği ile karlılık arasında anlamlı ve pozitif yönlü ilişki ortaya çıkmıştır. Daha önce tarafımızdan yapılan aynı döneme ilişkin yerli sermayeli mevduat bankaları için sermaye yeterliliği ve karlılık arasındaki ilişkiyi analiz ettiğimiz çalışmada da benzer sonuç elde edilmiştir.

This Working Paper should not be reported as representing the views of the IMF. The views expressed in this Working Paper are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily represent those of the IMF or IMF policy. Working Papers describe research in progress by the author(s) and are published to elicit comments and to further debate. This paper studies the implications of foreign currency deposits (FCDs) for international liquidity shortages in Pakistan. The analysis focuses on how the large volume of FCDs and the specific institutional characteristics of those deposits have made the Pakistan economy highly vulnerable to exogenous shocks. The analysis shows that FCDs created another channel for government borrowing, and fiscal sustainability in a "closed" system may be very different from sustainability in a more "open" system. There is a need to think of these issues in terms of total balance sheet vulnerability, and we recommend measures that would make domestic-currency-denominated assets attractive to investors. JEL Classification Numbers: E52; F41 Keywords: Capital Account Liberalization, Financial Development, Dollarization

Financial dollarization has increased substantially in emerging markets in recent years. A material increase in financial dollarization may concern policy makers but it also serves as a cushion for banks and the states. Increase in foreign Exchange deposits may arise from the need to preserve purchasing power, speculation or liquidity concerns. This paper aims to shed light to the relation between foreign exchange deposits and factors such as sight FX deposits, USD/TRY parity, CPI, confidence ındex, VIX, TL deposits, dollar index via a VECM model. Sight FX deposits are found to be a positive and a statistically significant influencing factor on FX deposits; whereas, confidence index and CPI have a negative but a significant relation with FX deposits. Factors that have an influence on the increase in foreign Exchange deposits shall be closely monitored to mitigate the adverse effects of it. ; Son yıllarda finansal dolarizasyon gelişen piyasalarda ciddi şekilde artış göstermiştir. Finansal dolarizasyondaki bu artış politika yapıcıları kaygılandırabileceği gibi, bankalar ve devlet için bir yastık görevi görür. Döviz mevduat hesaplarındaki artışın nedeni; alım gücünü korumak, spekülasyon veya likidite kaygısı olabilir. Bu çalışmanın amacı, döviz mevduat hesapları ile vadesiz hesaplar, TL/USD, enflasyon, güven endeksi, oynaklık endeksi, TL mevduatlar, dolar endeksi gibi değişkenlerin ilişkisine VECM modeli kullanarak ışık tutmaktır. Vadesiz döviz mevduat hesapları ile pozitif anlamlı bir ilişki tespit edilirken; enflasyon ile negative, anlamlı bir ilişki bulunmuştur. Döviz mevduat hesaplarındaki artışın olası, olumsuz etkilerini en aza indirgemek için etki eden unsurları yakınen izlenmelidir.

Official dollarization is rare; yet, many countries' banking systems are characterized by high levels of unofficial dollarization. This dissertation provides a political-economic argument for why governments allow these deposits to exist at all. I explain the timing and level of regulations over resident foreign currency (FC) deposit accounts as well as why some countries that chose partial liberalization tend to remain there and test that explanation on a new dataset I created coding IMF reports on exchange-rate controls. Similar to other forms of monetary delegation, unrestricted accounts can serve as a commitment device for credible macroeconomic policy, contingent on two factors. Politicians must be responsive to a broad audience; and, they must be credible in their protection of property rights. Thus, unrestricted accounts are most likely when: politicians are responsive to a broad population, have experienced macroeconomic instability, and are respectful of their citizens' property rights. Responsiveness is important because restricted deposits are unlikely to be useful as a commitment device. When responsiveness is broad group, politicians are more likely to provide public goods rather than targeted, private goods. Allowing FC deposits with restrictions resembles a private good, in that politicians choose which groups are allowed access to the accounts, while unrestricted deposits resemble non-excludeable public goods. Unrestricted deposits should be more likely in those countries where politicians are responsive to a broad population and face incentives to provide public goods. Second, unofficial dollarization is a strategic situation. If property rights are weak, citizens should anticipate that their deposits would be at risk, making individuals less likely to use FC accounts. Governments should anticipate this as well; if not credible on property rights, they should be more likely to adopt restricted deposits. I test this argument on a new dataset of regulations of resident FC accounts in a sample of developed and developing countries I coded from the IMF's Annual Report on Exchange Arrangements and Exchange Restrictions. I use both binary cross-sectional time- series analysis and a competing risks model. I find support for my central argument, although its effectiveness is limited to periods of moderately levels of macroeconomic instability

Foreign diversification offers prospective market opportunities which afford firms prospects for greater growth and penetration of global markets. This study investigated the effect of foreign diversification on performance of quoted deposit money banks in selected Sub-Sahara African countries; Botswana, Ghana, Kenya, Malawi, Mauritius, Namibia, Nigeria, South Africa, Uganda, Zimbabwe and Zambia. The study employs secondary data collected and computed from sampled deposit money banks annual audited financial statements. Employing the use of descriptive statistics, correlation analysis, panel unit root analysis, co-integration test, multivariate panel data analysis and the system- GMM for a period of 2007 – 2017, the data were estimated with the aid of Eviews 9.0 econometric statistical package. Using dependent variables (Net interest margin and Tobin Q), explanatory variables of foreign diversification, bank's size and bank's age respectively. The findings revealed that foreign diversifications have negative and significant effect on all the performance indicators (NIM and TOBIN Q) used in the study. The explanatory variable (foreign diversification) was significant at 1% significance level. The findings from robustness check showed that the coefficients of foreign diversification are also largely negative for most of the banks. This study therefore recommends, amongst others, banks should consider diversification as a long run strategy for promoting growth and other forms of expansions. This can be achieved by promoting more regional banking integration within the sub-region. Given that formalities are already on the ground to facilitate entry and establishment within economies in the regional blocs, diversification in this direction will involve less institutional obstacles

Capital adequacy ratio serves as a basic indicator linking current equities of banks to the amount of risk that they can undertake. Therefore, it is taken into consideration while evaluating banks and expected to be at a normal level. According to the Basel I criteria published by the Basel Committee in 1988 for the international banking sector, capital adequacy ratio as "Total Capital / Credit Risk" should be at least 8%. Basel I Criteria began to be implemented in Turkey in 1992. In this process, it was decided that capital adequacy ratio would be implemented as 8% starting from 1998 in Turkey. The purpose of this study is to identify the factors affecting the capital adequacy of state-owned, private and foreign deposit banks operating in Turkey between 2009-2019. The result obtained from the analysis has revealed that the established model is significant. The ratio of independent variables for explaining the dependent variable is 36%. The independent variable OME has a statistically significant and positive effect on the dependent variable at 1% significance level.