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Between the seventeenth and nineteenth centuries, Western societies abandoned public executions in favor of private punishments, primarily confinement in penitentiaries and private executions. The transition, guided by a reconceptualization of the causes of crime, the nature of authority, and the purposes of punishment, embodied the triumph of new sensibilities and the reconstitution of cultural values throughout the Western world. This study examines the conflict over capital punishment in the United States and the way it transformed American culture between the Revolution and the Civil War

"Gruesome Spectacles is a history of botched, mismanaged, and painful executions in the U.S. from 1890 to 2010. Using new research, Sarat traces the evolution of methods of execution that were employed during this time, and were meant to improve on the methods that went before, from hanging or firing squad to electrocution to gas and lethal injection. Even though each of these technologies was developed to 'perfect' state killing by decreasing the chance of a cruel death, an estimated three percent of all American executions went awry in one way or another. Sarat recounts the gripping and truly gruesome stories of some of these deaths - stories obscured by history and to some extent, the popular press"--Provided by publisher

This book provides a look into the lives, crimes, and executions of women during the 20th and 21st centuries. The purpose is not to condone the actions of these women, but to suggest that those we executed are, in fact, humans_rather than monsters, as they are often portrayed

An examination of capital punishment in the US argues that the prospects for abolition are slim, despite recent attitude changes brought about by numerous examples of maladministration. Although crime levels in the US are falling, popular support for capital punishment remains as an expression of collective outrage against certain crimes deemed too horrific for a sentence of life imprisonment. Current attitude shifts are primarily related to a desire to lessen the possibility of executing innocent people. The political implications of capital punishment are discussed, along with conflicting opinions over the constitutional prohibition of "cruel & unusual punishment," & state differences in relation to the legality & practice of capital punishment. Comparisons with the UK -- where capital punishment is not allowed, even though surveys suggest most citizens favor it -- suggest that the US system permits an expression in law of a majority opinion on social issues more easily than does the UK system. Various arguments against capital punishment are discussed, & relevant Supreme Court decisions are examined. 3 Tables. J. Lindroth

Citation: Smith, A.C. United States tariff history. Senior thesis, Kansas State Agricultural College, 1897. ; Morse Department of Special Collections ; Introduction: In all countries it has been found a necessity to raise money for government expenses by means of a tax on imports. It is found that this indirect tax is by far the most practical method. The duties are collected by the revenue officers hired by the government. All countries are chiefly dependent on such a tax for means to run their national affairs. This tariff question has proved itself as great a problem as ever any able body of men have cared to solve. In our country it has been amply proved so. We employ the best legislators of our country that we can procure and give their all the support we can. These men have studied diligently the needs of the country. Indeed they have been doing this for over a century but there is still this problem unsolved. We have had numerous tariff bills framed but not one which has ever proved itself satisfactory to the people for any length of time.

"Measured in terms of morbidity and mortality, plague has never been a major public health problem in the United States, but, in terms of latent danger and the total cost of suppressive measures during the past 50 years, it cannot be placed in a minor classification. This disease, which has been one of the world's greatest killers, has forced the spending of large amounts of money on efforts to keep it out of this country, to suppress the epidemics which did gain a foothold, and to control or eradicate epizootics in domestic and wild rodents. Modern methods of rodent and ectoparasite control, together with almost specific therapeutic drugs, have decreased the potential danger from plague. Arrival at this turning point makes it particularly fitting to review the accomplishments of the past five decades, to summarize the cooperative efforts of the Public Health Service and the State health departments, and to emphasize specific contributions by individuals of the Public Health Service." - p. iii ; I. Introduction -- II. The first San Francisco epidemic -- III. The second San Francisco epidemic, including other bay area cities -- IV. Plague in Seattle -- V. Plague in wild animals -- VI. The New Orleans epidemics -- VII. Plague in gulf coast cities -- VIII. Los Angeles pneumonic plague outbreak -- IX. Maritime quarantine measures -- X. Plague in the Territory of Hawaii -- XI. Plague in Puerto Rico -- X II. Modern plague control methods -- X III. Treatment and prophylaxis of plague -- References -- Appendix Summary of cases of human plague in the United States, 1900-1951 -- Human plague in the United States, by year and State, 1900-1951 -- Age-sex distribution of human cases of plague in the United States, 1900-1951 -- Observed seasonal distribution of human plague in the United States, 1950-51 -- Human plague in 36 counties in 12 States, 1900-1951 -- Counties in the United States where human plague lias occurred, 1900-1951 -- Human plague on ships arriving at United States ports, 1899-1926 -- Cases of animal plague reported in the United States, 1902-51 -- Animals examined and positive results in the United States, fiscal years 1903-50 -- Counties in the United States surveyed for animal plague, 1900- 1950 -- Rodent plague on ships arriving at United States ports, 1910-26 -- Animal sources of plague-positive ectoparasites, by State -- Publications on plague by Public Health Service officers ; Vernon B. Link, M.D., M.P.H. ; Dr. Link is deputy officer in charge of the Communicable Disease Center, Bureau of State Services, Public Health Service, Atlanta, Ga. Before coming to the center, he was stationed at the Public. Health Service's Plague Laboratory at San Francisco, where he was deputy medical officer in charge from June 1943 to November 1950 and medical officer in charge from December 1950 to February 1952. Dr. Link is a member of the World Health Organization's Expert Advisory Panel on Plague for the 5-year term 1952-57. ; Includes bibliographical references. ; Publications on plague by Public Health Service officers: p. 114-120.

In this short, accessible introductory survey of the history of the United States from 1790 to the present day, Edward J. Davies examines key themes in the evolution of America from colonial rule to international supremacy. Focusing particularly on those currents within U.S. history that have influenced the rest of the world, Davies examines key themes including industrialization, the rise of international corporations, civil rights and popular culture. Offering a new way of examining the United States, this book reveals how concepts that originated in American's definition of itself as a nation - concepts such as capitalism, republicanism and race - have had supranational impact across the world.-- From publisher description