Suchergebnisse

"Singapore is recognised to be one of the most successful economies in the world given its rapid economic and social transformation. Its success is the result of a judicious blend of markets and government, high-quality governance, and public policies that are coherent, consistent and coordinated. This book showcases the contribution of Economics to Singapore's public policymaking. To illustrate the diverse areas that economic analysis has contributed to, this book comprises three sections that span the economic and non-economic policy domains in Singapore. Section I covers economic policies relating to economic growth, trade, investments, productivity, innovation, industrial development, the enterprise landscape and manpower. Section II highlights socioeconomic and security policies, and covers themes such as income inequality and mobility, families, healthcare costs and crime. In Section III, the focus is on infrastructural policies relating to the environment, housing and land transport. This book commemorates the 20th anniversary of the Singapore Government's Economist Service. As the premier service for economists in the Singapore public sector, the Economist Service plays an integral role in supporting evidence-based policymaking through rigorous economic research and analysis of public policies"--

Um gesellschaftliche Herausforderungen wie den Klimawandel, die Energiewende, die Digitalisierung oder Pandemien zu bewältigen, sind klar strukturierte, transparente und faktenbasierte politische Entscheidungsprozesse nötig. Wissenschaftlich fundierte Analysen können die Basis für besser informierte Entscheidungen liefern. Eine internationale Perspektive auf evidenzbasierte Politikberatung und Best-Practice-Beispiele für Strukturen der wirkungsvollen Kooperation zwischen Politik und Wissenschaft bietet das Leopoldina-Forum "Roundtables 'International Perspectives on Evidence-based Policymaking' und 'How to strengthen Evidence-based Policymaking? Strategic Positioning within Government' - Veranstaltungsdokumentation". Das Papier fasst die Ergebnisse zweier Roundtable-Veranstaltungen zusammen, die im Rahmen der 2018 ins Leben gerufenen Leopoldina-Initiative für evidenzbasierte Politikgestaltung stattgefunden haben. Die "Initiative für evidenzbasierte Politikgestaltung", vertreten durch Regina T. Riphahn und Monika Schnitzer, setzt sich seit mehreren Jahren auf verschiedenen Wegen dafür ein, den Austausch zwischen Wissenschaft und Politik zu stärken. Ziel der Initiative ist es, institutionelle Barrieren zu überwinden und den Weg für mehr Evidenz in politischen Entscheidungsprozessen zu bereiten.

This article examines the role of evidence in influencing food and nutrition-related public health policy, and starts to chart a way through the political economy of knowledge and evidence within this nexus. We propose an analytical framework for untangling the influence of food industry interests and public health concerns in the policy process, presenting a guiding structure for how an issue might move between contested and uncontested policy spaces, finding that the inherent uncertainty in public health research on complex food systems presents opportunities for contestation by different interest groups. We then use our framework to understand the political economy of the recent sugar-sweetened beverage tax in Mexico, in which public health policies have been adopted despite going against an apparent interest of elements in the food industry. This kind of evidence, given the right framing, has the potential to break some current deadlocks in creating healthier food systems. ; International Panel of Experts on Sustainable Food Systems (iPES Food)

Record systems used to administer programs often contain information useful for evaluating the effectiveness of a program. Administrative records are most often designed to facilitate processes key to the mission of the program. Data structures, quality assurance, quality control, and updating processes are generally defined by the needs of the program. Statistical uses of administrative data, common to evaluation studies, face a predictable set of benefits and challenges. This article reviews these issues.

Behavioral economics has come to play an important role in evidence-based policymaking. In September 2015, President Obama signed an executive order directing federal agencies to incorporate insights from behavioral science into federal policies and programs. The order also charged the White House Social and Behavioral Sciences Team (SBST) with supporting this directive. In this article, we briefly trace the history of behavioral economics in public policy. We then turn to a discussion of what the SBST was, how it was built, and the lessons we draw from its experience and achievements. We conclude with a discussion of prospects for the future, arguing that even as SBST is currently lying fallow, behavioral economics continues to gain currency and show promise as an essential element of evidence-based policy.

This study explores evidence-based policymaking (EBP) in public research and development (R&D) programmes. Governments develop and implement R&D programmes to promote innovation, the key driver of sustainable economic growth. For effective management, public policies should be planned, executed, and terminated based on their impact evaluation and feedback. Although many studies have investigated the impact of R&D support, few have analysed whether it evolves on the basis of evidence. Using a dataset of Korean programmes, this study adopted the propensity score matching with a difference-in-differences method. We distinguished four determinants of performance evidence: R&D intensity, assets, sales, and profits growth. The following are the main results: (1) while R&D intensity, sales, and profits growth reveal the efficiency of the EBP mechanism, the performance of assets do not differ across the abolished and continued programmes; (2) the EBP process classified by subsidy amount reveals no statistically significant differences in terms of R&D intensity and profits. This suggests that policymakers need to consider the amount of subsidy granted under the budget limitation. This study contributes to the empirical research on EBP using heterogeneous evidence indicators and describes how policymakers exploit policy evaluation to implement and monitor policies for sustainable development.

Evidence-based policymaking (EBP) is not new, but its face is changing rapidly in the data- driven public sector, mainly due to the following factors: Evolving meaning of evidence: from scientific opinions and policy evaluations to data- driven insights drawn from modelling and simulations coming from a multitude of data types and sources: from open data to citizen-generated data;. New actors coming into play: EBP is no longer reserved to social scientists, statistical offices and policy evaluators, but now open to data scientists and data savvy public servants; More attention for agenda setting and policy design, while EBP traditionally focuses on policy implementation and evaluation; Different relation between policy and evidence: from reactive and ex-post to proactive and ex-ante; From "What worked?" To "What will work?" The added value of a more data-driven approach to evidence-based policymaking seems clear, but can it fulfil its promises in practice? And what is needed to scale up the use of policy prediction? This paper presents evidence from the Data-Driven Policy Cluster to shed light on the questions above. It discusses the critical roles of interoperability and data sharing for the advancement of policy prediction in EBP. Then, concrete applications in different policy domains show what policy prediction looks like in practice and what challenges policy stakeholders encounter. The paper concludes with policy recommendations on how data can be leveraged for policy prediction at a larger scale than what is currently the case: Start small, experiment, then scale fast through co-creation Foster a culture of innovation building on successful experiments and pilots Leverage European data sharing infrastructures to increase data availability and accessibility across policy areas and government levels Create trusted data spaces to facilitate data sharing by citizens and businesses Secure the necessary multidisciplinary resources Ensure European building blocks for data-driven policy prediction

In a recent report, the Commission for Evidence-Based Policymaking advocated for expanded use of data, including data linkage, from federal statistical and regulatory agencies to help guide decision-making and ultimately improve programs and policies. How data sharing and linkage is framed is important, and attitudes about data sharing and linkage are driven by respondents' privacy beliefs and views towards the government more generally. Using data from the RDD telephone Gallup Daily Tracking Survey, we examine how favorability towards data sharing for the purpose of informed decision-making compares to other purposes. Respondents were less favorable towards data sharing when the purpose was for informed decision-making than for efficient use of taxpayer money, government accountability, or for community benefits, suggesting this is an ineffective way to frame data sharing to increase support. However, views towards the government, beliefs about privacy, and response behavior are still important determinants of favorability.