Suchergebnisse

SMED is short for Swedish Environmental Emissions Data, which is a collaboration between IVL Swedish Environmental Research Institute, SCB Statistics Sweden, SLU Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, and SMHI Swedish Meteorological and Hydrological Institute. This study has examined noise exposure on a national scale for Sweden by calculating road and rail noise for the entire country. Calculations have been made according to the Nordic Prediction Method for both road and rail. For aviation noise, data is extracted directly from Swedavias yearly noise report with addition of military flights. Because of the large scale of noise mapping, several simplifications have been made in both data and calculations. For validation, the national noise mapping has been compared to noise data reported to EU via the Environmental Noise Directive (END), indicating a ratio of 0.4-1.5 compared to END data for road in intervals between 52.5 and >72.5 dBa and 1-1.8 for rail for the intervals between 49 and >69 dBA. Since 1998, the Environmental Protection Agency has produced national noise analysis, similar to this one for the years; 1992 (Wittmark, 1992), 1995 (Wittmark, 1997), 2000 (Ingemansson Technology AB , 2002), 2006 (WSP Akustik, 2009), 2011 (SWECO, 2014). Even though the task and method for these previous reports were similar, there are many differences. Therefor a trend analysis is not feasible. There are many aspects that could improve accuracy for future national mapping such as including definition of hard and soft ground effect due to different ground types, estimation of exposure point height using building geometries. Most likely the most important change is to include buildings and noise barriers effects on noise.

Die dritte Runde der Umgebungslärmrichtlinie 2002/49/EG [1] wird mit der Lärmkartierung 2017 und der aktuellen, in Schleswig-Holstein (SH) noch nicht vollständig abgeschlossenen Aufstellung der Lärmaktionspläne umgesetzt. Die Zuständigkeit für die Ausarbeitung der Lärmkarten und für die Aufstellung der Aktionspläne liegt in SH gemäß § 47 e Bundes-Immissionsschutzgesetz [2] bei den Gemeinden. Dem Land obliegt die Berichterstattung an die Bundesregierung.
 
The third round of the Environmental Noise Directive 2002/49/ ED [1] will be implemented with noise mapping 2017 and the current list of noise action plans, which has not yet been completed in Schleswig-Holstein (SH). The responsibility for the development of the noise maps and for the preparation of the action plans lies in SH according to § 47 e Federal Immission Control Act [2] in the municipalities. The country is responsible for the reporting to the Federal Government.

This study has examined noise exposure on a national scale for Sweden by calculating road and rail noise for the entire country. Calculations have been made according to the Nordic Prediction Method for both road and rail. For aviation noise, data is extracted directly from Swedavias yearly noise report with addition of military flights. Because of the large scale of noise mapping, several simplifications have been made in both data and calculations. For validation, the national noise mapping has been compared to noise data reported to EU via the Environmental Noise Directive (END), indicating a ratio of 0.4-1.5 compared to END data for road in intervals between 52.5 and >72.5 dBa and 1-1.8 for rail for the intervals between 49 and >69 dBA. The results from the calculated population noise exposure in Sweden 2018 and costs is concluded in the report. Since 1998, the Environmental Protection Agency has produced national noise analysis, similar to this one for the years; 1992 (Wittmark, 1992), 1995 (Wittmark, 1997), 2000 (Ingemansson Technology AB , 2002), 2006 (WSP Akustik, 2009), 2011 (SWECO, 2014). Even though the task and method for these previous reports were similar, there are many differences. Therefor a trend analysis is not feasible. There are many aspects that could improve accuracy for future national mapping such as including definition of hard and soft ground effect due to different ground types, estimation of exposure point height using building geometries. Most likely the most important change is to include buildings and noise barriers effects on noise. ; Denna studie har undersökt bullerexponering på nationell nivå för Sverige från väg-, spår- och flygtrafik. Beräkningar av ljudnivåer har utförts för alla statliga och kommunala vägar samt statliga spår. För flygbuller har resultat använts från Swedavias årliga bullerrapport med tillägg av antalet exponerade för militära flyg. På grund av den stora omfattningen av en nationell bullerkartläggning har flera förenklingar och antaganden gjorts på både underlag och beräkningar. Därför har validering utförts mot det resultat som rapporteras till EU från alla större svenska kommuner i enlighet med det europeiska bullerdirektivet (END). Valideringen indikerar på ett förhållande på 0,4-1,5 för vägtrafikberäkningarna i intervall mellan 52,5 och >72,5 dBA och ett förhållande på 1-1,8 för spårtrafikberäkningarna i intervallen mellan 49 och >69 dBA. Resultatet från den beräknade befolkningsexponeringen i Sverige 2018 och socioekonomisk kostnad presenteras i rapporten. Naturvårdsverket har sedan år 1998, publicerat flera bullerkartläggningar över Sverige gällande år; 1992 (Wittmark, 1992), 1995 (Wittmark, 1997), 2000 (Ingemansson Technology AB , 2002), 2006 (WSP Akustik, 2009), 2011 (SWECO, 2014). Även om syfte och metod har varit liknande mellan tidigare versioner, finns det många stora skillnader i metodikval och antaganden. Det är därför inte rimligt att utföra en trendanalys med data ifrån de föregående rapporterna. Det finns flera aspekter som kan förbättra noggrannheten för framtida nationella bullerkartläggningar. Det inkluderar exempelvis definiering av hård eller mjuk mark på grund av olika marktyper, uppskattning av exponeringspunkters höjd och placering i relation till tredimensionella byggnadsstrukturer. Den metodförbättring som mest sannolikt har störst inverkan på resultatet är införandet av byggnader och bullerskärmars inverkan på buller.

The Construction Products Directive (89/106/EEC - CPD) should have facilitated putting construction products on any national market within the European Economic Area. Two decades later, its practical impact is still relatively weak. By going beyond the scope of most studies on the implementation of EU legislation at the level of the practical end-users (architects, civil engineers, construction companies), this study highlights the fact that the acceptance of this professional group not only plays a major role in the practical implementation of this directive, but could also change, strengthen or neutralise the intentions of policy makers and administrators at the EU and national level.

In Poland spatial planning policies are described by a system of planning documents controlled by act of Spatial Planning and Land Development of 27 March 2003. Sustainable development principle and spatial order form is the basis of spatial planning efforts. In the territory of Poland the manner of urban space management is defined by a planning document called Local Land Use Plan (LLUP). In a LLUP some issues are arranged, such as the purpose of a given area, location of public purpose investments, land development conditions. When analysing the development process of Polish cities, an obvious conclusion emerges about the lack of complex studies and researches of the environment concerning the issue of acoustic climate. The procedures of development of an LLUP involve merely a general diagnosis of an environment excluding measured values of pollution, including noise levels. The main aim of this article is to introduce the influence of acoustic climate on the urban space planning in Poland through the implementation of the provisions of Directive 2002/49/WE of the European Parliament and the Council of Europe from 25 June 2002. Moreover, in the stages of an LLUP implementations have been suggested the use of a Strategic Noise Map, being a tool for assisting the process of environmental noise level assessment in Poland.

In Poland spatial planning policies are described by a system of planning documents controlled by act of Spatial Planning and Land Development of 27 March 2003. Sustainable development principle and spatial order form is the basis of spatial planning efforts. In the territory of Poland the manner of urban space management is defined by a planning document called Local Land Use Plan (LLUP). In a LLUP some issues are arranged, such as the purpose of a given area, location of public purpose investments, land development conditions. When analysing the development process of Polish cities, an obvious conclusion emerges about the lack of complex studies and researches of the environment concerning the issue of acoustic climate. The procedures of development of an LLUP involve merely a general diagnosis of an environment excluding measured values of pollution, including noise levels. The main aim of this article is to introduce the influence of acoustic climate on the urban space planning in Poland through the implementation of the provisions of Directive 2002/49/WE of the European Parliament and the Council of Europe from 25 June 2002. Moreover, in the stages of an LLUP implementations have been suggested the use of a Strategic Noise Map, being a tool for assisting the process of environmental noise level assessment in Poland.

The ENNAH project (The European Network on Noise and Health) was funded by the European Union's 7th Framework Program (FP7‐ENV‐2008‐1, project no.226442) to establish a research network of experts on noise and health in Europe. The network brought together 33 European research centres from 16 countries to establish future research directions and policy needs for noise and health in Europe. ENNAH focused on the study of environmental noise sources, in particular transport noise. This network facilitated high level scientific communication and encouraged productive interdisciplinary discussion and exchange through a series of workshops and reports. The ENNAH Network has identified gaps in noise and health research while at the same time assessing, prioritizing and integrating the future research orientation into policy development for a more efficient investment of resources in this research area. Noise maps produced under the direction of the Environmental Noise Directive (2002/49/EC) are potentially a very useful resource for noise and health research. We have reviewed the advantages and disadvantages of current noise maps and recommended changes that would make them more appropriate for public health research purposes. We have also considered possible new methods for acoustic measurement and modelling which will help to develop innovative exposure measurement techniques in future noise and health studies.

The ENNAH project (The European Network on Noise and Health) was funded by the European Union's 7th Framework Program (FP7‐ENV‐2008‐1, project no.226442) to establish a research network of experts on noise and health in Europe. The network brought together 33 European research centres from 16 countries to establish future research directions and policy needs for noise and health in Europe. ENNAH focused on the study of environmental noise sources, in particular transport noise. This network facilitated high level scientific communication and encouraged productive interdisciplinary discussion and exchange through a series of workshops and reports. The ENNAH Network has identified gaps in noise and health research while at the same time assessing, prioritizing and integrating the future research orientation into policy development for a more efficient investment of resources in this research area. Noise maps produced under the direction of the Environmental Noise Directive (2002/49/EC) are potentially a very useful resource for noise and health research. We have reviewed the advantages and disadvantages of current noise maps and recommended changes that would make them more appropriate for public health research purposes. We have also considered possible new methods for acoustic measurement and modelling which will help to develop innovative exposure measurement techniques in future noise and health studies.

"This comprehensive book provides a clear analysis of the European Restructuring Directive, which aims to improve national frameworks governing business restructuring and insolvency as well as to provide debt relief for individuals. Gerard McCormack explores the key aspects of the Directive including the moratorium on litigation and enforcement claims against the financially-troubled business, the provision for new financing, the division of creditors into classes, the introduction of a restructuring plan and the rules for approval of the plan by a court or administrative authority. Key features include: a unique contextualisation of the Directive, situating it against the backdrop of earlier European initiatives identification of important parallels with the UK scheme of arrangement and the new UK restructuring plan procedure embodied in the Corporate Insolvency and Governance Act 2020 a comparison of the Directive with Chapter 11 of the US Bankruptcy Code, the United Nations Commission on International Trade Law legislative guide on insolvency, and the World Bank's Insolvency and Creditor Rights and Doing Business projects. This important new book provides a detailed and practical analysis of the Directive and the implications for its transposition into national laws, making it an essential work for insolvency lawyers and practitioners, as well as EU policy makers. It will also be critical reading for academics and students of law, particularly those interested in commercial, insolvency, corporate and European law"--

International audience ; The European Union proposes noise protection measures adopted in accordance with European legislation, emphasizing environmental noise pollution as an important environmental problem. The legislation imposes European Directive 2002/49/EC, which aims to establish a common basis for addressing noise problems in Europe through noise maps which are a powerful tool for controlling the population exposure to environmental noise. In this paper, a noise map generation based on using the vehicle flows on four boulevards that enclose a living area in the center of Skopje, the capital city of North Macedonia is described. For this purpose, statistics on the flow of vehicles on the boulevards are provided by Traffic Management and Control Center. The noise simulations were created using the NMPB Routes 96 as noise propagation model and the IMMI Software as simulation software. This initial map was additionally upgraded and calibrated by performing short-term measurements at the intersections of these boulevards in order to differentiate the traffic noise pollution from the environmental noise. The possibility of having a map representation of traffic noise allowed for a more accurate view of the actual environmental noise situation, determining more quickly the causes of high noise levels and, consequently, any mitigation action required.

The trend of continuous increase for mobility requirements results in a progressive increase in the use of vehicles of all modes of transport, which contributes to a significant increase in noise levels, especially in urban areas. The most significant noise in urban areas is traffic noise, where road traffic contributes the most. This paper reviews the treatment of road traffic noise in the European Union with a focus on Directive 2002/49 / EC. The paper presents the basics of the mechanisms of the institutional and management framework in the field of road traffic noise monitoring in EU countries. Also, the results of road traffic noise monitoring in EU countries, indicators of population exposure to road traffic noise, as well as indicators of the impact of road traffic noise on the health of the population, were presented.

Aircraft Noise Management is a rather new concern in countries from the Eastern region of Europe, in comparison with other European regions. This statement is supported by the few interventions that have been implemented up to the present moment, situation that facilitates various opportunities for most of the relevant stakeholders (e.g. land-use planning). In order to be able to understand the importance of Aircraft Noise Management in this region, the article starts with a description of previous and predicted air traffic growth in comparison with other European countries. Further, the core legislative support for Aircraft Noise Management in Romania, Slovenia and Ukraine is detailed, followed by representative 'best practice' experiences at the level of each country. The article ends with highlighting the conclusions from experiences of the three countries as a basis for 'lesson learning'.

Mehrere Studien weisen darauf hin, dass Umweltbelastungen sozial ungleich verteilt sind. Die vorliegende Diplomarbeit untersucht für Wien den Zusammenhang zwischen Straßenverkehrslärmverschmutzung und räumlicher, sozioökonomischer Ungleichheit. Mit den Daten des Wiener Bevölkerungsregisters wurde mit Hilfe der Principal Components Analysis (PCA) ein soziökonomischer Nachbarschaftsindex (NPSI) erstellt, um die sozioökonomische Position der Zählbezirke in Wien zu ermitteln. Darüber hinaus wurde ein Straßenverkehrslärmindex (RTNI) mit dem Lärmindex Lden (Tag-Abend-Nacht) der europäische Lärmrichtlinie (END) und mit Hilfe von Geoinformationssystem(GIS)-Werkzeugen erstellt, um den Anteil von straßenverkehrslärmverschmutzen Flächen in den Zählbezirken, die den Richtwert der World Health Organisation (WHO) von 55 dB überschreiten, zu berechnen. Eine lineare Abhängigkeit zwischen NSPI und RTNI wurde mittels Pearson Korrelationskoeffizienten getestet. Mit Booleschen Operatoren wurde zudem die Verteilung einer Doppelbelastung/-begünstigung zwischen der sozioökonomischen Position und der Straßenverkehrslärmbelastung in den Zählbezirken ermittelt. Für Wien wurde eine schwache Korrelation zwischen NSPI und RTNI sowie eine ungleiche Verteilung der Doppelbelastung/-begünstigung gefunden: es gibt doppelt so viele Zählbezirke mit einer hohen sozioökonomischen Position und einer geringen Lärmbelastung als Zählbezirke mit einer niedrigen sozioökonomischen Position und hoher Lärmbelastung. Als Handlungsempfehlungen werden öffentliche Bewusstseinsbildung, wissenschaftliche Forschung und strategische politische Interventionen angeführt, damit der Zugang zu einer gesunden und sicheren Umwelt sich nicht zu einem ökonomischen Privileg in Wien und Österreich entwickelt. ; Several studies suggest that certain subgroups in society bear a higher environmental noise burden than others. This thesis provides the first analysis on environmental noise pollution and socioeconomic inequalities for the city Vienna, Austria. Hence, the socioeconomic position on the registration district level is assessed by constructing a neighbourhood socioeconomic position index (NSPI) using the population register data by means of Principal Components Analysis (PCA). In addition, a road traffic noise index (RTNI) is constructed from the Lden (day-evening-night) noise indicator by the European Noise Directive (END) using geographical information system (GIS) tools. The RTNI is used to identify areas affected by road traffic noise pollution i.e. areas where the threshold of 55 dB is exceeded according to the World Health Organisation (WHO). A linear dependency between the NSPI and the RTNI was tested by the Pearson correlation coefficient. Furthermore, the Boolean overlays were computed to identify the distribution of double burden/blessing with respect to the neighbourhood socioeconomic position and road traffic noise pollution. The results indicate a citywide weak correlation between the NSPI and the RTNI and an uneven distribution of a double burden/blessing: there are twice as many neighbourhoods with a high socioeconomic position and a low noise pollution than neighbourhoods with a low socioeconomic position and a high noise pollution. It is recommended to increase public awareness as well as fostering scientific research and strategic political interventions such that access to a healthy and secure environment does not become an economic privilege in Vienna and Austria. ; author: Sandra Siedl ; Zusammenfassung in deutscher Sprache ; Universität für Bodenkultur Wien, Masterarbeit, 2016 ; (VLID)1935406