Suchergebnisse

The main purpose of this study is to assess the main challenges of democratization in the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC). In order to enrich the basic information and achieve the intended specific objectives, the study relied upon secondary data sources. Democracy matters for human security in DRC because well-designed and inclusive political institutions and processes are the key to both preventing violence and managing conflict constructively. It is believed that acting for democracy is acting for peace and security. The DRC, which lies in the heart of Africa, is one of the largest and richest mineral resources countries of the continent and has strategic importance for the stability of the Great Lakes region. This study shows that challenges related to a long period of dictatorship, internal conflicts, communal violence, corruption, weak monitoring of weapons, poor leadership, and globalization have affected the democratization processes and indicators of good governance in the DRC. This study recommends that the government of DRC should consolidate democratization and enhance good governance so as to reduce the crises of democracy in the country and thereby collaborative governance with all the local, national, regional and international stakeholders should be established to avoid the long-suffering of the Congolese people.

Three genetically-distinct Ebola virus disease (EVD) outbreaks have occurred in the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) since May 2017: the 2017 Bas-Uélé outbreak, the 2018 Équateur outbreak and the 2018-19 North Kivu outbreak. The latest outbreak, currently ongoing, is the second largest EVD outbreak in history, with 1,617 confirmed cases as of 12 May 2019. New clusters continue to emerge despite unprecedented advances in vaccinations, diagnostics and therapeutics. In this Watching Brief, we review key features of all three outbreaks, evaluate vaccination strategy used and critically examine factors that contribute to the North Kivu outbreak's persistence. The North Kivu outbreak is characterised by multiple issues that hamper disease control measures, including socio-political barriers (armed conflicts and community resistance) and operational deficiencies (ineffective contact tracing and infection control in health facilities). Evidence also suggests possible sexual transmission of EVD by persistently-infected survivors.

Examines the status of women in the eastern Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) as demonstrative of the current social crisis in the region. The inability &/or unwillingness of the state & its institutions to respond to human rights abuses & incidents, such as female abductions, are discussed. Rape & other forms of violence against women are cited as symptoms of destruction to society's life patterns, including the ensuing displacement of the female population, decline of the rural economy, & increase in prostitution. Future prospects for government intervention in the DRC are assessed. L. Collins

This chapter analyzes the provision of agricultural extension and advisory services in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) in the context of a postconflict country and the experiences and challenges in reconstituting an extension system. Since 1996, the DRC has experienced a succession of wars and lower-scale conflicts that caused more than 5 million deaths over the 1998–2008 period (Maystadt et al. 2014). These have had a devastating effect on the country's infrastructure, technology, and institutions, creating a vacuum that has led to a laborious process of restoration. As a result, the DRC faces serious food insecurity and human development challenges. In 2011 through 2013 the DRC was ranked as the country with the most severe food insecurity, based on the Global Hunger Index of the International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI). It remains so according to current alarming hunger indicators (IFPRI 2016). At least 50 percent of the population is deficient in key nutrients, including iron, vitamin B12, calories, riboflavin, vitamin E, folate, and zinc (Ulimwengu, Roberts, and Randriamamonjy 2012). Life expectancy in the DRC is around 47 years for men and 51 years for women; 1 in 5 children die before reaching age 5 (Pfingu 2011; UNDP 2010). ; PR ; IFPRI4; CRP2 ; DSGD; AFR; PIM ; CGIAR Research Program on Policies, Institutions, and Markets (PIM)

This article reveals the concept of music encapsulated in the 18th century Enlightenment definition of music that failed to recognize the existence of expressions outside Europe. In 1964, the American anthropologist Alan Merriam (1923-1980), provided a broad-based definition of music according to the substance of Franz Boas' theory of "Cultural Relativism", which empowers individual communities to define music within the frame of reference of their own cultural context. In the present article, I argue that there are three types of harmony in the music of the Democratic Republic of Congo reflected in: 1) The linear harmony encapsulated in Ensemble Thematic Cycle (ETC) of traditional music interpreted by drum ensembles, 2) The homophonic harmony of Western genre implemented in chord progressions by urban bands composed of a variety of musical instruments, 3) The parallel harmony of vocal singing as linguistically imposed to maintain the communicative significance of the message in lyrics

Cover -- CONTENTS -- GOVERNANCE AND CORRUPTION CHALLENGES -- A. Fiscal Management -- B. Central Bank Governance -- C. Market Regulation -- D. Combatting Corruption -- E. Some Recommendations -- NATURAL RESOURCE MANAGEMENT -- A. Introduction -- B. Economic Contribution of Natural Resources -- C. Rules and Regulations -- D. Transparency and Accountability -- E. Revenue Management -- F. Peacebuilding and Conflict Prevention initiatives -- G. Recommendations -- References -- POVERTY AND GOVERNMENT SOCIAL SPENDING -- A. Update on Poverty and Vulnerability -- B. Government Strategies and Policies to Tackle Extreme Poverty and Vulnerability -- C. Assessment of DRC Government Expenditures -- D. Conclusions and Policy Recommendations -- FIGURES -- 1. Government Spending and Economic Classification -- 2. Health and Education Spending in Context -- 3. Health Outcomes and Spending Efficiency -- TABLE -- 1. Poverty, Vulnerability, Inequality, and Social Indicators in Selected Countries -- MACROFINANCIAL LINKAGES -- A. Financial Sector Overview -- B. Key Macro-Financial Linkages -- C. Conclusions and Policy Recommendations -- References -- FIGURES -- 1. Macro-Financial Linkages in the Case of an External Negative Shock -- 2. Credit and Non-Performing Loans.

Objective: To evaluate onchocerciasis control activities in the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) in the first 12 years of community-directed treatment with ivermectin (CDTI). Methods: Data from the National Programme for Onchocerciasis (NPO) provided by the National Onchocerciasis Task Force (NOTF) through the annual reports of the 21 CDTI projects for the years 2001-2012 were reviewed retrospectively. A hypothetical-inputs-process-outputs-outcomes table was constructed. Results: Community-directed treatment with ivermectin expanded from 1968 communities in 2001 to 39 100 communities by 2012 while the number of community-directed distributors (CDD) and health workers (HW) multiplied. By 2012, there were ratios of 1 CDD per 262 persons and 1 HW per 2318 persons at risk. More than 80% of the funding came from the fiduciary funds of the African Programme for Onchocerciasis Control. The cost of treatment per person treated fell from US$ 1.1 in 2001 to US$ 0.1 in 2012. The therapeutic coverage increased from 2.7% (2001) to 74.2% (2012); the geographical coverage, from 4.7% (2001) to 93.9% (2012). Geographical coverage fell in 2005 due to deaths in loiasis co-endemic areas, and the therapeutic coverage fell in 2008 due to insecurity. Conclusions: Challenges to CDTI in DRC have been serious adverse reactions to ivermectin in loiasis co-endemic areas and political conflict. Targets for personnel or therapeutic and geographical coverages were not met. Longer term funding and renewed efforts are required to achieve control and elimination of onchocerciasis in DRC.

Objective: To evaluate onchocerciasis control activities in the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) in the first 12 years of community-directed treatment with ivermectin (CDTI). Methods: Data from the National Programme for Onchocerciasis (NPO) provided by the National Onchocerciasis Task Force (NOTF) through the annual reports of the 21 CDTI projects for the years 2001-2012 were reviewed retrospectively. A hypothetical-inputs-process-outputs-outcomes table was constructed. Results: Community-directed treatment with ivermectin expanded from 1968 communities in 2001 to 39 100 communities by 2012 while the number of community-directed distributors (CDD) and health workers (HW) multiplied. By 2012, there were ratios of 1 CDD per 262 persons and 1 HW per 2318 persons at risk. More than 80% of the funding came from the fiduciary funds of the African Programme for Onchocerciasis Control. The cost of treatment per person treated fell from US$ 1.1 in 2001 to US$ 0.1 in 2012. The therapeutic coverage increased from 2.7% (2001) to 74.2% (2012); the geographical coverage, from 4.7% (2001) to 93.9% (2012). Geographical coverage fell in 2005 due to deaths in loiasis co-endemic areas, and the therapeutic coverage fell in 2008 due to insecurity. Conclusions: Challenges to CDTI in DRC have been serious adverse reactions to ivermectin in loiasis co-endemic areas and political conflict. Targets for personnel or therapeutic and geographical coverages were not met. Longer term funding and renewed efforts are required to achieve control and elimination of onchocerciasis in DRC.

Since the end of the Cold War, the number of weak and failing states has increased significantly. The United States (US) military has been deployed in multiple nation states in an effort to prevent these weak states from collapsing into chaos. This thesis explores one of the driving factors of state collapse, net migration, to gauge how US foreign policy might be employed to reduce the flow of people out of a country. To demonstrate the foreign policies and their effects, a pilot model was constructed using a system dynamics methodology. The Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) was selected as a preliminary study for the model implementation. This thesis examines three notional policies which could be implemented in the DRC: a reduction in the armed conflict occurring in the eastern provinces of the DRC, increasing the number of primary and secondary teachers in the DRC, and increasing the number of employment opportunities in the DRC. Interactions between different factors and drivers of migration are analyzed and included in the system dynamics model. Several scenarios are tested using this model, and the results of these scenarios, as well as their implications for future policies, are detailed.

The research examines the impact of strategic leadership in post-conflict states. This was achieved by comparing different leadership styles with the performance of the post-conflict state to identify which leadership style fits best with specific performance indicators in The Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC). The study explores the qualitative methodology to assess the impact of strategic leadership in post-conflict states through an explanatory view using an interpretive approach, participant contributions, direct observations, documents, and interviews. Data were analyzed using NVivo data analysis software. The research discovered leadership deficiency at all levels of society. The leadership lacks some essential characteristics to guarantee the well-being of the people. The study also observed an inadequate commitment to support the vision. Also, the mismanagement of country natural resources often causes insecurity and triggers the creation of many armed groups to exploit the resources illegally. The study, therefore, recommended strong committed leadership, the political will, and stable state institutions. One needs a committed leadership to set the vision which can make a change in people's lives, and we can gain the milestones and eventually achieve the vision with the support of the political will and stable state institutions. The study contributes to knowledge by developing a much more user-friendly formula that summarizes the strategic, leadership needed in post-conflict states.

La République Démocratique du Congo (RDC) souffre, à l'instar d'une majorité de pays africains, d'une précarité alimentaire conséquente. Le développement du secteur de l'élevage y est une pièce importante de la stratégie de lutte contre cette insécurité alimentaire, par l'apport de protéines de haute qualité aux populations pauvres ainsi que plus globalement par la création de richesses et la diversification du secteur agricole. A ce titre, le secteur avicole offre incontestablement, par son cycle de production court, une solution rapide et abordable par le plus grand nombre. Cette étude aborde les contraintes à la production de la poule locale au Bas-Congo. Plusieurs facteurs y sont identifiés, tels que les pathologies, l'alimentation, l'habitat et les prédateurs. L'amélioration de la situation économique et nutritionnelle des paysans de la Province du Bas-Congo peut être envisagée en améliorant le potentiel de production des poulets de race locale. Afin d'y arriver, une attention particulière doit être accordée à une alimentation équilibrée et une meilleure conduite générale de l'élevage, incluant un accès aux soins vétérinaires. L'amélioration génétique des races locales est également une voie envisageable, pour autant que l'adéquation entre l'animal et le cadre de son élevage soit respectée. ; Peer reviewed