Suchergebnisse

Im Oktober 2001 und Januar 2002 fand im "Collegium Budapest" eine internationale Konferenz statt, in der die Situation der Sozialwissenschaften in Mittel- und Osteuropa aus dem Blickwinkel von Soziologen, Politologen und Ökonomen diskutiert wurde. Der Autor möchte in seinem Aufsatz über die Bedingungen der Soziologie in Ostmitteleuropa einige Hauptlinien der Debatte skizzieren, die Fragestellungen systematisieren und eine vorläufige zusammenfassende Bilanz ziehen. Wesentliche Fragen der Debatte waren z.B.: Sind die Soziologien in den ost- und mitteleuropäischen Ländern gleich oder unterschiedlich? Wie weit sind sie von den Kontexten der europäischen Soziologie entfernt? Und wie werden sie durch die fortschreitende Internationalisierung der Soziologie im Zeitalter der Globalisierung beeinflusst? Der Autor erörtert einige allgemeine Probleme der Disziplin und regionale Probleme, die unter den Soziologen von postkommunistischen Ländern diskutiert werden, sowie spezifische Fragestellungen nationaler Soziologen, bei denen ideosynkratische historische oder kulturelle Erfahrungen und die besondere gegenwärtige Situation in den postkommunistischen Ländern im Vordergrund standen. (ICI)

What practical lessons can the experience of post-communist transitions in Central and Eastern Europe offer to countries that are attempting to overhaul their economic systems? With the Arab Spring, a window of opportunity has been opened in the Middle East and North Africa to put in place new institutions conducive to entrepreneurship, innovation, and economic growth. To be sure, the world today offers very few examples of genuine centrally planned economies. Even the worst performing low- and mid-income countries do have sizeable private sectors and experience with open markets. However, despite the wide-ranging scale of reform challenges in different societies, many countries in the mid-income world, which are undergoing significant political changes at the moment, will also need to privatize, remove distortionary subsidies, stabilize their public finances, and create space for the growth of the private sector. Adapted from the source document.

Abstract. Around 26 000 severe convective storm tracks between 2005 and 2014 have been estimated from 2D radar reflectivity for parts of Europe, including Germany, France, Belgium, and Luxembourg. This event set was further combined with eyewitness reports, environmental conditions, and synoptic-scale fronts based on the ERA-Interim (ECMWF Reanalysis) reanalysis. Our analyses reveal that on average about a quarter of all severe thunderstorms in the investigation area were associated with a front. Over complex terrains, such as in southern Germany, the proportion of frontal convective storms is around 10 %–15 %, while over flat terrain half of the events require a front to trigger convection. Frontal storm tracks associated with hail on average produce larger hailstones and have a longer track. These events usually develop in a high-shear environment. Using composites of environmental conditions centered around the hailstorm tracks, we found that dynamical proxies such as deep-layer shear or storm-relative helicity become important when separating hail diameters and, in particular, their lengths; 0–3 km helicity as a dynamical proxy performs better compared to wind shear for the separation. In contrast, thermodynamical proxies such as the lifted index or lapse rate show only small differences between the different intensity classes.