Suchergebnisse

This study analyzes the foundations of unity developed by the Kharkiv multi-ethnic community of writers, and explores post-Khrushchev Kharkiv as a political space and a place of state violence aimed at combating Ukrainian nationalism and Zionism, two major targets in the 1960s-70s. Despite their various cultural and social backgrounds, the Kharkiv literati might be identified as a distinct bohemian group possessing shared aesthetic and political values that emerged as the result of de-Stalinization under Khrushchev. Archival documents, diaries, and memoirs suggest that the 1960s-70s was a period of intense covert KGB operations and "active measures" designed to disrupt a community of intellectuals and to fragment friendships, bonds, and support among Ukrainians, Russians, and Jews along ethnic lines. The history of the literati residing in Kharkiv in the 1960s-70s, their formal and informal practices and rituals, and their strategies of coping with state antisemitism, anti-Ukrainianism, terror, and waves of repression demonstrate that the immutability of ethnic barriers, often attributed to Ukrainian-Russian-Jewish encounters and systematically reinforced by the KGB, seems to be a myth and a stereotype. The writers negated them, escaping from and at the same time augmenting the politics of the place. Their spatial and social practices and habits helped them create a cohesive community grounded in shared history, shared interests in literature and dedication to it, and shared threats emanating from city politics and the KGB. They transcended ethnic boundaries constructed by the authorities, striving for unity, free from Soviet definitions.

Material gleaned from the Yiddish press, union records, & interviews (N not given) is used to examine the relationship between class, ethnicity, & gender in the Toronto (Ontario) Jewish labor movement (TJLM) in the interwar period, focusing on ways in which women's issues were systematically subordinated to class issues. This subordination is contrasted with the prominence the TJLM accorded to Jewish workers' specific interests as Jews. It is argued that both class & ethnicity were definitive in shaping the politics & identity of the TJLM, despite the fact that class issues functioned divisively within the Jewish community & ethnic issues functioned divisively within the working class. Yet feminism did not emerge, partly because of its divisive potential within both the Jewish community & the working class. It is thus concluded that the TJLM's emphasis on both class consciousness & ethnic identity inhibited the development of feminist perspectives. AA

Introducing a new comparative theory of ethnicity, Andreas Wimmer shows why ethnicity matters in certain societies and contexts but not in others, and why it is sometimes associated with inequality and exclusion, with political and public debate with closely-held identities, while in other cases ethnicity does not structure the allocation of resources, invites little political passion, and represent secondary aspects of individual identity.

In recent years there has been a steady increase in the racial and ethnic diversity of the playing workforce in many sports around the world. However, there has been a minimal throughput of racial and ethnic minorities into coaching and leadership positions. This book brings together leading researchers from around the world to examine key questions around 'race', ethnicity and racism in sports coaching. The book focuses specifically on the ways in which 'race', ethnicity and racism operate, and how they are experienced and addressed (or not) within the socio-cultural sphere of sports coaching. Theoretically informed and empirically grounded, it examines macro- (societal), meso- (organisational), and micro- (individual) level barriers to racial and ethnic diversity as well as the positive action initiatives designed to help overcome them. Featuring multi-disciplinary perspectives, the book is arranged into three thematic sections, addressing the central topics of representation and racialised barriers in sports coaching; racialised identities, diversity and intersectionality in sports coaching; and formalised racial equality interventions in sports coaching. Including case studies from across North America, Europe and Australasia, 'Race', Ethnicity and Racism in Sports Coaching is essential reading for students, academics and practitioners with a critical interest in the sociology of sport, sport coaching, sport management, sport development, and 'race' and ethnicity studies.

Offers a response to the concerns in many democracies that ethnicity is institutionalized as a political category. This book draws on international studies, including New Zealand, to show that this process of policymaking creates artificial divisions and boundaries that can be fundamentally at odds with the social fluidity of modern societies

"Coping With Immigration Barriers" examines the dichotomy of international law: the right to leave versus the right of a specific nation‐state to exclude. Immigration receiving nations around the world have been raising barriers. This article looks at the newest such barriers contained in recent United States immigration laws. The dichotomy poses a dilemma for persons and groups—such as refugee groups—who are seeking to migrate but have few options for coping with increased barriers to their entrance. Potential immigrant groups may simply ignore the laws and enter illegally. They may seek to amend the laws by special exemptions for themselves. Finally, they may seek redress from the harsher policy via the courts. This article exemplifies each of those strategies for coping with immigration barriers by high‐lighting the cases of Mexicans, Irish, and Haitians.

Examines conflict in international law between the right to leave one's country vs. the right of countries to exclude immigrants; case studies of Mexican, Irish, and Haitian immigrants.

It is widely recognized that the concepts of 'state' and 'nation' developed largely out of the history of Europe. In Western Europe the process of state-building preceded and assisted the process of nation-formation. In consequence, the concept of the nation that developed from this process focused on the political community as defined by the institutional and territorial framework. In the tradition of Rousseau, Abbé Sieyes could define a nation as 'a body of associates living under one common law and represented by the same legislature'. In most lands of Western Europe these developments also produced the model of a single nationality nation or nation-state. In Central and Eastern Europe the process was different: 'the nation was first defined as a cultural rather than a political entity' and the underlying theoretical foundation was in the tradition of Herder rather than Rousseau Nevertheless, once nationhood had been achieved in these regions there was a tendency to approximate to the model associated with Western Europe. This was made all the easier in such states as Italy and Germany because the majority of their citizens were from one ethnic group; they, too, were single nationality nations. Whatever the dualisms and amalgams in Europe, the export model has been that associated with that of Western Europe—for the simple reason that the predominant colonizing powers were from this part of the Continent.