Suchergebnisse

Traditionally, archaeological sites making up the Zimbabwe culture were studied using old Childean understanding to the extent that all sites that are smaller than Great Zimbabwe were viewed as lesser important places under its hegemony. Using African centred frameworks, this study represents an attempt to revisit the archaeological site of Tsindi, a Zimbabwe culture site near Marondera in northeastern Zimbabwe. Methodologically, the re-assessment is based on a survey of published and unpublished literature, museum archival records and collections, as well as field surveys, excavations and artefact studies. The study reached convergence with earlier studies on the observation that drystone walls and pottery from upper levels in the sequence of Tsindi are closely related to that from Great Zimbabwe and related sites. However, there are some localised differences within the walls and pottery that speak to contextual innovation and ultimately variation. Available chronological information shows that Tsindi has an earlier Harare tradition occupation which is overlain by levels with Zimbabwe pottery. Combined together, the similarities and differences that appear on identical material culture suggest that Tsindi and Great Zimbabwe were authored by related people who may have interacted with each other directly or indirectly. Recourse to Shona anthropology and history suggests the presence of autonomous political formations (e.g. chiefdoms and states) generally within more than hundred kilometres of each other. If local histories that connect the Nhowe people of north-eastern Zimbabwe to Tsindi are correct, then the site was the capital of a Nhowe chiefdom. In broad terms this suggests the presence of multiple but independent polities on the landscape. Future research must, however, explore in more detail the nature of the relationships between individual polities such as Tsindi and similar ones such as Mutoko, Tere and among others Harleigh Farm that are associated with different chiefdoms.

In the public debate in Finland, same-sex couples' right to legal recognition is routinely defended by stressing their sameness to heterosexual couples within the discourse of romantic love. This article explores how bisexual women and their partners use these discourses. The five couple interviews were analyzed by implementing discourse analysis. The results highlight how, when taking positions within the discourse of the enduring couple relationship, the interviewees drew on the discourse of romantic love. Woman's bisexuality disappeared easily in this talk. Although it seemed effortless at first sight, negotiations and affective tensions arose when the interviewees tried to fit their relationship into the normative discourse: Is our relationship like traditional heterosexual relationship or is it more equal? Are we similar or are we different? What role does woman's bisexuality have in our relationship? Close reading of these negotiations revealed the hierarchies and norms related to gender and (bi)sexuality that constitute the enduring relationship discourse.

Many young professionals seek egalitarian partnerships in which both partners work for pay and share unpaid housework and childcare. Yet working couples' realities often deviate from this ideal, with women trading off employment for family care. Will contemporary young adults repeat this pattern, or will they come closer to achieving equality in work and family? Equal Partners? seeks to explore this question. Drawing on six years of interviews with the partners in twenty-one different-gender couples, Jaclyn S. Wong documents how supportive workplaces, partners' steadfast gender-egalitarian attitudes, and partners' jointly coordinated actions all need to come together for couples to experience gender equality in work and family. This book offers a compelling study of the dynamics of couples in ambitious partnerships who aspire to equality as they navigate the external pressures that come with life planning.

Many young professionals seek egalitarian partnerships in which both partners work for pay and share unpaid housework and childcare. Yet working couples' realities often deviate from this ideal, with women trading off employment for family care. Will contemporary young adults repeat this pattern, or will they come closer to achieving equality in work and family? Equal Partners? seeks to explore this question. Drawing on six years of interviews with the partners in 21 different-gender couples, Jaclyn S. Wong documents how supportive workplaces, partners' steadfast gender-egalitarian attitudes, and partners' jointly coordinated actions all need to come together for couples to experience gender equality in work and family. This book offers a compelling study of the dynamics of couples who aspire to equality as they navigate the external pressures that come with life planning in ambitious partnerships

This study aimed to explore the relationship between employee engagement, equal opportunities, and employee performance in Bahraini retail businesses. Using a cross-sectional survey, data were collected from 231 employees and analyzed via SPSS and Smart-PLS, uncovering significant results. Out of the 249 participants invited to the survey, 231 responded. All the variables of the study showed different effects, with equal opportunity and employee engagement (EO → EE) considered the strongest hypotheses in this study at the significance level of 0.01 (β = 0.722, = 0.724, SD = 0.070, t = 10.324, p = 0.000), with f2 = 1.087 above 0.15 and less than 0.35, which was considered a high effect size and strongly supported the hypothesis proposed by the researcher. All hypotheses were supported. The R2 values of independent variables were above 38% for the variance of employee performance, which is considered an excellent fit to the data as evidenced by the squared multiple correlation R2 values for the dependent variables. Finally, EO → EE → JP mediating role indirectly affects JP through EO = 24%, which is considered an excellent effect size.The recent study confirmed a strong positive link between equal opportunities and employee performance, with employee engagement acting as a significant mediator. This suggests that promoting equal opportunities can boost performance, especially when coupled with employee involvement. These findings are important for HRM experts and executives, as they indicate that prioritizing fairness and fostering participation can enhance productivity.

Abstract
Discussions of the liberty of the ancients, in contemporary political theory, treat democratic freedom, and the political equality on which democracy was premised, as anathema to the liberty of the moderns. This article discusses ancient democratic liberty by referencing the theory of arithmetic equality preserved by Aristotle and Plato and suggests that we need to re-investigate this relationship in the interests of modern freedom. The article argues that, in fact, Greek, particularly Athenian, democratic ideas, construe freedom in a negative way and that democratic, arithmetic, accounts of equality are, at root, anti-oppressive and require further investigation in the name of justice for the moderns.

Since Brown v. Board of Education, constitutional challenges to "separate but equal" rules have arisen in a variety of additional contexts, and courts have continued to look to "facts" and "modern research" about the separately treated group or issue to reach their decisions. Today, one cutting-edge location for studying how social change may reshape "natural" differences into legally intolerable classifications is in the roiling conflict over whether same-sex couples should be recognized via marriage or civil unions (or domestic partnerships, as the status is known in some states). As in the early race and sex discrimination cases, many courts (and elected officials) have studiously avoided addressing the implications of the "separate but equal" relationship-recognition rules they are being asked to evaluate.

Equal is not Enough? is the title of a series of conferences that has aimed, over the years, to generate a better understanding of what shapes and reshapes inequalities by inviting and promoting multi-disciplinary insights and reflection. One of the conferences focused on discrimination law. The conveners welcomed papers on the relationship between social policy and discrimination law (or closely related human rights issues), which investigate the tensions and (in)compatibilities between the respective aims and tools of social policy and discrimination law. They were particularly interested in contributions that transcend legal technicalities and reflect on the function of discrimination law as part of a wider social policy in the European Union and its member states. A collection of papers from the conference now appears in this book, which takes its name from the title of the conference