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The making private of hitherto public goods is a central tenet of neoliberalism. From land in Africa, Asia, and South America to the assertion of property rights over genes and cells by corporations, the process(es) of making private property matters more than ever. And yet, despite this importance, we know remarkably little about the spatial plays through which things become private property. In this paper I seek to address this imbalance by focusing upon the formative context of 18th- and early-19th-century England. The specific lens is wood, that most critical of all 'natural' things other than land in the transition to market-driven economies. It is shown that the interplay between custom, law, and local practices rendered stable and aspatial definitions of property impossible. Whilst law was the key technology through which property was mediated, the cadence of particular places gave these mediations distinctive forms. I conclude that not only must we take property seriously, but we must also take the conditions and contexts of its making seriously too.

Cover -- Half Title -- Title -- Copyright -- Original Title -- Original Copyright -- CONTENTS -- Acknowledgements -- List of Abbreviations -- 1. Introduction: Persistence and Change in Nineteenth-century Popular Culture -- 2. The Decline of the Oral Tradition in Popular Culture -- 3. Methodism, Popular Beliefs and Village Culture in Cornwall, 1800-50 -- 4. 'Please to Remember the Fifth of November': Conflict, Solidarity and Public Order in Southern England, 1815-1900 -- 5. The Lancashire Wakes in the Nineteenth Century -- 6. Interpreting the Festival Calendar: Wakes and Fairs as Carnivals -- 7. Secrecy, Ritual and Folk Violence: The Opacity of the Workplace in the First Half of the Nineteenth Century -- 8. Custom, Capital and Culture in the Victorian Music Hall -- Notes on Contributors -- Index.

Intro -- Contents -- Introduction -- Part 1: The 19th Century: An Overview of America -- 1. The Background of 19th-Century America -- Part 2: Family -- 2. The Family -- 3. Father as a Family Man -- 4. Father as a Success -- 5. Father as Worker -- 6. Faith of Thy Fathers -- 7. Man of Honor and Good Counsel -- 8. Father Protector -- 9. Father and the Civil War -- 10. Women as Mothers -- 11. Mother as Wife -- 12. Mother as Homemaker -- 13. Children as Family -- 14. Children as Learners -- 15. Children as Workers -- 16. Independent Living -- 17. Domestic Servants -- 18. Slaves -- 19. The Family and Manifest Destiny -- Selected Bibliography -- Index.

Themen:
Die Datensammlung umfasst systematisch Daten von Patienten, die im Royal Asylum of Gartnavel (Glasgow) 1870 und 1880 verwahrt wurden. D.h. es sind zwölf verschiedene Attribute zu jedem in diesem Zeitraum aufgenommenen Patienten vorhanden: Alter, Patienten-Klasse (Kostenträgerschaft), Familienstand, Beruf, körperliche Verfassung, Grund der Unzurechnungsfähigkeit, Dauer der Attacke (die zur Einlieferung führte), Gefährlichkeit und Selbstmordabsichten, Bildungsstand, Aufenthaltsdauer, Entlassungsgrund.

The purpose of this study is to reveal about womens' image in England in 19th century especially the existance of women that lived during Austen's era at the time. In analyzing this study the writer used qualitative research design which is the data collected in form of words rather than numbers. The data collected in this research are from two sources; primary and secondary. The primary source is from the novel itself and the secondary sources are from internet, and some other books. The datas are analyzed by using mimetic approach. The result of the study shows that fearness, dissapointment, unhappiness, and even arrogance are parts of life of some women at that time. They have no choice to choose a better life. England adopted Primogeniture as a basic of inherit the wealth to the children. This one is a reason why woman in society is placed lower rather than man. Man hold the authorithy in many aspects such as social, politics, and economic. However, girls were not gaining any noticeably easier access to legal rights or professional opportunities at this time. There was an over-riding assumption that men and women were different in natural capabilities. Consequently, both men and women ought to accept distinct social roles, marked out along gender lines, where women were denied equality of opportunity in areas such as education, business and action. Girls were praised for being submissive, modest, pure and domesticated. The qualities of being independently-minded, studious or talented were seldom regarded as feminine attractions. In the other hand, there was still few women who could face the problem toughly.Keywords: Woman, Late Ninetenth Century, Mimetic Approach, social roles

The author illustrates the relations in Italy between industry and the medical-hygienic situation in the XIX century. Italy started industrial processes raher late, about 1840, and between 1840 and 1870, for the first rime, a remarkable quantity of publications about working class life conditions appeared. Special attention was given to spinning-mill workers, who -as Tonini, Ripa and Bonomi describe in their treatises - suffered a very hard life and working conditions, cold, damp, a very poor diet based on stale bread, furthermore, women ha dangerous pregnacies and their babies were extremely undernourished, because of bottle-feeding caused by the impossibility of mothers to take their infants with them. These conditions produced numerous gastric, rheumatic and respiratory diseases. At the end of the XIX century Mantegazza defined, for the first time, professional diseases from a clinical and social point of view. Investigations acquired a more rigorous and scientific character by dividing into a series of subjects such as, for instance, the study of "unhealthy industries". Legislation was adapted quite late, and produced in 1888 the "Crispi act". Key words: Industrial-Social disease - XIX century

AbstractSince the mid‐19th century, there have been concerns in England about suboptimal outcomes for care leavers. This paper draws on original data from case files of children who were admitted to the Children's Society between 1887 and 1894, and a contemporary study of outcomes for girls who had been brought up in Poor Law district schools, to explore the basis for these concerns. Widespread destitution in the community meant that many children in care were better fed, clothed and educated than their contemporaries. However, those who left the Poor Law schools were singularly ill prepared for independence, and the much vaunted training offered by the voluntary societies did not prepare children to enter occupations that would provide stable or well‐paid employment. Emerging understanding of the needs of care leavers for continuing support and protection was translated into policies and practices that continue to be relevant a hundred years later. However, factors that shaped the experiences of 19th century care leavers, such as short‐term financial considerations which led to compressed and accelerated transitions, and the principle of less eligibility, still tend to conflict with attempts to ensure that their needs are adequately met today.