Suchergebnisse

REVERSE is an European Interregional Cooperation Programme INTERREG IVC project. The interregional cooperation programme enables the regions of Europe to share knowledge and experience in various areas of life. The objective of REVERSE project is to promote the conservation of biological and landscape diversity in Europe by identifying the relevant successful actions and encouraging their implementation in various European regions. In the course of the project, the project partners related to the conservation of natural and cultivated biodiversity exchange and introduce their experiences. The partners are regional authorities and public establishments, which have for a long time been involved in the protection of biological and landscape diversity. They work on varied and complementary subjects such as in situ conservation of species, gene banks, the preservation of indigenous breeds, old varieties and gene pool, the management of natural and industrial landscapes, the regional strategies for the conservation of biodiversity (ecological corridors, green belts, etc.), the local legislation for the protection of biodiversity, environmental education, etc. ; The publication has been prepared within the project REgional exchanges and policy making for protecting and valorising biodiVERSity in Europe (Reverse) of EU INTERREG IVC programme and issued with the support of Environmental Investment Centre.

This article aims at addressing the impasse created by the government of the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) when it granted to Soco, an English multinational company, the permit to exploit oil and start drilling inside the Virunga National Park in the province of North Kivu, Ituri area, which is protected by UNESCO as a Heritage of Humanity and recognized worldwide as the sanctuary of the mountain gorillas, okapis and several other endangered animals or animal species. The article is inspired in the international mobilization promoted by Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs) such as the Human Rights Watch (HRW), Global Witness, World Wide Fund For Nature (WWF) and by other national and international human and animal rights movements, as well as by Ituri's civil society. What is the future of Virunga Park in face of the economic development from oil exploitation to benefit poor riparian populations praised by the Central Government and the sustainable development based on the preservation and conservation of the Park recommended by the non-governmental organizations and the movements listed above? Considering the arguments of the Government in favor of economic development to fight the poverty and misery of the riparian populations, in one hand, and the UN's opposite positioning through UNESCO, NGOs and the civil society, on the other hand, the dialectic method is going to be used by means of a descriptive research founded on a bibliographic survey.

학위논문(석사)--서울대학교 대학원 :미술대학 디자인학부 디자인전공,2019. 8. 김경선. ; Endangered animal-related conservation campaigns have a long history since the later 19th century when natural resources were severely over-exploited. Through ages, endangered animal-related campaigns have gone through the era of legislation, resource management, environmentalism, and modern landscape-scale conservation. Since the situation of endangered species is getting worse, which the extinction rate is 1000 times higher than the background rate, the issue of wildlife conservation is becoming more and more significant. As a result, the popularity of this issue increased in present societies, accompanied by the investment increase of nature documentaries and related campaigns. However, the visual communication strategy of these campaigns remains unchanged for a long time, which is based on violence and conflict. Through this research, it can be known that more than 80% of the endangered animal-related campaigns preferred to display conflicting human-nature relationships, by showing violent, cruel, or bloody scenes to the audience. Even more, scientifically confusing or incorrect information, even thoughts of radical environmentalism were concealed in some of the campaign designs. By reviewing the history of western societies, the philosophy of binary opposition has a significant contribution to the current design preference, profoundly influencing on the public. Recent research of psychology also gives evidence that using horror and terror is a beneficial strategy to arouse the public's attention. To avoid its increasingly apparent disadvantages, and to adapt to the changing situation of conservation education, a differentiated approach must be made. Through the discussion of the features, the motivation, and the influence of the current violence-conflict-based strategy, combining traditional oriental philosophy and art is an ideal option of offering a different design proposal for the endangered animal-related campaign. By utilizing the thoughts of Confucianism, a more harmonious relationship between human and nature will be created in the final project, using symbolic visual elements to build a bridge linking human and endangered species. Also, positive visual elements and nudges will be utilized in the final project to encourage the audience to act more positively and actively. ; 19 세기부터 동물 자원을 과도하게 이용하게 되어 이러한 상황을 개선하기 위하여 멸종 위기 동물과 관련된 캠페인이 시작되었다. 시대 발전을 따라 캠페인 주제는 입법에서 자원 관리, 환경 보호 주의를 지나 지금 현대 보존생학 중의 자연 경관 규모의 보존 사상까지 변하였다. 하지만 현재 멸종 위기 동물의 생존 상황이 점차 악화되어 있다. 연구에 의하면 현재 동물의 멸종 속도가 자연 멸종 속도보다 1000 배 높다고 한다. 이어서 멸종 위기 동물을 보호하는 문제도 점차 중요해지고 대중에서도 더 많은 인기를 끌고 있다. 이러한 추세를 반영하여 자연 다큐멘터리와 환경 보호와 관련된 캠페인에 대한 투자도 증가하고 있다. 그러나 멸종 위기 동물의 생존 상황과 실제 보호 사업이 지속적으로 발전하고 있는 반면에 캠페인의 시각 커뮤니케이션 전략이 오랫동안 변하지 않았다. 이 연구를 통하여 약 80% 의 캠페인이 폭력과 충돌을 기반으로 대항적인 인간 - 자연 관계를 전시하는 것을 알 수 있다. 이러한 작품들은 주요 잔인하고 고통스러운 장면을 관객에게 제시한다. 그리고 일부러 충돌을 만들기 위하여 혼란스러운 정보와 잘못된 정보, 심지어 과격한 환경 보호 주의가 가끔 디자인 작품에담게 되었다. 서양 사회의 역사와 발전을 회고하고 이항대립 사상이 대중의 의식과 긴밀하게 결합되었고 현재의 캠페인 디자인 전략에도 결정적인 영향을 주는 사실을 알게 되었다. 그리고 최근의 심리학 연구에 의하면 공포의 감정을 이용하여 정보 전파 속도도 빠르며 전파 효과도 크다고 한다. 그래서 폭력과 충돌을 중심으로 세운 캠페인 디자인 전략이 자연스럽게 선호되었다. 이 전략의 단점과 역효과도 피하고 현재 보존생물학의 발전도 잘 반영하기 위하여 또 다른 차별화된 시도가 필요하다. 이 연구에서는 폭력과 충돌을 중심으로 세운 전략의 특징과 동기, 영향 등을 분석한 후에 동양적인 철학 사상과 전통 미술을 결합하여 멸종 위기 동물을 홍보하고 보호하기 위한 차별화된 시각 커뮤니케이션 방안을 제안할 예정이다. 최종 프로젝트에서 전통 유가 사상을 참고할 예정인데 상징적인 시각 요소를 사용하여 멸종 위기 동물과 인간의 이미지를 연결할 것이다. 이러한 방식을 통하여 조화로운 인간 - 자연 관계를 맺을 수 있다. 그리고 최종 작품에서 긍정적인시각 요소와 넛지도 이용하고 관객들이 더 적극적으로 행동할 수 있게 유도할 예정이다. ; 1. Introduction 1 2. The Necessity of Diversified Endangered Animal-Related Campaigns 3 2.1 The Current Situation of Endangered Animals 3 2.2 A Brief History of Wildlife Conservation 4 3. Analysis of the Current Design Preference of Endangered Animal-Related Campaigns 8 3.1. General Analysis of Visual Element Usage 8 3.2. The Utilization of Violence 14 3.3. The Utilization of Negative Human Images 27 3.4. Questionable Information Due to Rote Scene Generating 30 3.5. Conclusion 36 4. The Motivation and the Influence of the Current Design Preference 37 4.1. The Motivation on Strategic Planning Level 37 4.2. The Motivation on Problem Resolving Level 39 4.3. The Influence of Violence-Conflict-Based Strategy 41 5. Differentiated Approach in Communication of Endangered Animal-Related Campaigns 44 5.1. Using Positive Visual Elements 44 5.2. Applying Oriental Philosophy 48 5.3. The Confluent Design Methodology 50 5.4. Experimental Approaches 52 5.5. The Final Project 56 6. Discussions and Future Works 69 6.1. The Results and Discussions 69 6.2. Future Works 72 6.3. Conclusion 72 Bibliography 73 Appendix I. Samples of Current Design Preference 79 Appendix II. Final Design of the Posters 98 Appendix III. Localization of the Posters 103 Visual Sources Citations 108 Abstract in Korean 115 Acknowledgment 117 ; Master

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The Endangered Species Act has been one of the more contentious environmental laws. This may stem from its strict substantive provisions, which can affect the use of both federal and nonfederal lands and resources. This report discusses oversight issues and legislation introduced in the 11th Congress to address Endangered Species Act implementation and management of endangered and threatened species.