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Electric-field nanobubbles: Re-engineering water treatment
Niall J. English, from the University College Dublin, School of Chemical and Bioprocess Engineering, discusses electric-field generated nanobubbles, including re-engineering water treatment – and beyond. A major and fundamental challenge is limited solubility in many liquids, e.g., gases, such as oxygen, and especially hydrogen, in water. In ecosystems and the environment, lack of dissolved oxygen (DO) is a significant reason for fish kills and water bodies being blighted by algal blooms, in addition to sometimes lack of effectiveness concerning activated-sludge processes in water treatment or poorer-than-hoped results in irrigation.

Electric fields are involved in numerous physiological processes, including directional embryonic development and wound healing following injury. To study these processes in vitro and/or to harness electric field stimulation as a biophysical environmental cue for organised tissue engineering strategies various electric field stimulation systems have been developed. These systems are overall similar in design and have been shown to influence morphology, orientation, migration and phenotype of several different cell types. This review discusses different electric field stimulation setups and their effect on cell response. ; This work has been supported by Science Foundation Ireland, Career Development Award (Grant Agreement Number: 15/CDA/3629) and Science Foundation Ireland / European Regional Development Fund (Grant Agreement Number: 13/RC/2073). This work has also received funding from the European Research Council (ERC) under the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme, grant agreement No. 866126. The funding agencies were not involved in the design of the study; in the data collection, analysis and interpretation; and in the writing of the manuscript. ; peer-reviewed

The modern community is an organically assembled system of people, organizations, and infrastructures, as well as patterned interdependences and interactions. Functioning of modern communities relies on the continuous production and distribution of the essential goods and services, accomplished by large-scale, man-made, networked systems, called infrastructures. Such infrastructures are termed critical if their incapacity or malfunction could have a devastating impact on the health, security, and social well-being of community inhabitants. As exemplified by many recent occurrences, critical infrastructure systems in diverse communities across the spectrum of wealth have not been sufficiently robust and have not recovered quickly enough after severe natural disasters, with long-lasting physical damage and technical failures causing significant hardships and economic losses. Against this backdrop, it is imperative to comprehensively investigate, understand and model the disaster resilience of critical community infrastructure systems. Among such critical infrastructure systems, the Electric Power Supply System (EPSS) stands at the core of a modern community. Among many natural hazards, the earthquake hazard stands out as potentially the most devastating and the most difficult to predict. Therefore, this thesis is focused on modeling and assessment of seismic resilience of EPSS and the community it serves. The study begins with a review and an examination of the merits and drawbacks of the resilience modeling and assessment of current civil infrastructure system seismic resilience modeling frameworks. An important common shortcoming is the focus solely on the supply capacity of the infrastructure systems. To overcome this shortcoming, a measure of EPSS-Community system functionality and seismic resilience is formulated by comparing the service supply provided by the EPSS to the Community and the service demand generate by the Community. The supply/demand approach to quantify the seismic resilience of an EPSS-Community system is demonstrated using a virtual EPSS-Community system. A direct measure of the seismic resilience of the EPSS-Community system, the gap between the electric power supply and demand, is proposed in this thesis. This measure is tracked from the time an earthquake occurs until the EPSS-Community system has recovered to yield instantaneous and cumulative measures of resilience. One such instantaneous seismic resilience measure, the percentage of people without power (PPwoP) at any time after an earthquake, can serve as a societal measure of EPSS-Community system systemic resilience. While the robustness of the EPSS-Community system is crucial for reducing the impact of an earthquake, the post-earthquake recovery process is critical to the seismic resilience of EPSS-Community system. This post-earthquake recovery process is case-specific, given their unique characteristics of EPSS and Community physical vulnerability, and dynamic, given the interactions among different infrastructure systems, community sectors, and the political and economic governance structures put in place after the disaster. An Agent-Based model is developed in this thesis to capture the unique dynamic characteristics of the EPSS-Community system seismic recovery process. Two individual agents, the EPSS Operator and the Administrator, are specified using a set of parameters to define their individual behavior and interactions. The effect of agent parameters and their interactions is identified in simulations of the seismic recovery process of a virtual EPSS-Community using the supply/demand approach. The post-earthquake restoration of a modern EPSS is contingent upon the post-earthquake serviceability of other critical infrastructure systems, in particular upon the serviceability of the transportation systems (TS) of the community. To investigate this interdependency among the community infrastructure systems, the virtual EPSS-Community system is expanded to include a transportation system, and a third agent, the TS Operator, is added to the model. The conducted case studies demonstrate that the interplay among different agents, as well as the interdependency between the civil infrastructure systems, determine the recovery path for the integrated EPSS-TS-Community system. The community resources available for post-earthquake recovery are finite. A network-theoretical model is used to gauge the impact of the quantity of the disposable repair resources and work crews on the seismic recovery for EPSS-TS system. The case study simulation results clearly indicate the rate of EPSS-TS system recovery is affected by the amount of available resources, but, importantly, that an optimal distribution of the available resources between the EPSS and the TS can significantly reduce the system recovery time and, thus, increase its seismic resilience. The presented scientific findings lay the foundation for a comprehensive and integrated resilience assessment on the EPSS-Community system based on the proposed agent-based network-theoretical supply/demand framework. Further work on generalizing the model by including all community infrastructure systems and refining their interactions in the model can be done using the proposed framework to investigate the interdependencies among the infrastructure systems and optimize community governance actions. Inclusion of dynamic models of community and infrastructure system post-disaster behavior, such as movement of the population, restructuring of the infrastructure and the effects on the production and consumption of goods and services, would make it possible to examine how disaster resilience of the integrated critical infrastructure systems shapes the long-term socio-economic development of the communities.

The Indonesian government is putting an effort into reducing the number of gasoline-fueled vehicles and replacing them with electric energy-based vehicles. This is stated in the General Draft of the National Energy Plan (RUEN), which is aimed at increasing the resilience of the national energy sector. Motorcycles are the largest contributor to the vehicle population in Indonesia at 82%. As the Indonesian government intends to stimulate the replacement of gasoline-fueled motorcycles by electric motorcycles, it is useful to conduct a study on the preferences related to motorcycle product designs among two-wheeled vehicle users in Indonesia. This study used the Kansei Engineering method to get a design direction as well as a factorial analysis for data result processing in order to obtain a unique design factor. The number of respondents in this study was 104 people from Jakarta and Bandung. The results of this study show that the respondents wanted an overall design that looks playful and masculine yet compact and active. In addition, the design has to have elements of a big scooter. This study was designed as an initial stage within the R & D process of electric motorcycle products and will be further developed in a follow-up study.

This thesis analyses the political and practical conditions for introducing electric vehicles in Swedish public authorites and discusses the potential for using electric vehicles in public transport and public fleets. The work has been carried out using an interdisciplinary research approach. Such an approach brings new insights to energy studies; the combination of technical methods and methods from social science allows the technology to be studied in its societal context. Local self-government enables Swedish public authorities to implement local solutions in order to achieve national policy goals. However, the results show that for energy and transport policy a clear allocation of responsibilities between local and regional levels is lacking – and this clarity is also lacking between the different policy areas. The lack of policy integration implies a risk that local policy development can miss the mark when it comes to the overall policy goal. Furthermore, findings show that so-called policy entrepreneurs can succeed in putting electric vehicles on the political agenda, and they can enforce decisions and deploy the vehicles within the public bodies. The usage of plug-in electric vehicles in public fleets has been studied using (among other sources) logbooks, interviews, questionnaires and focus groups. Findings demonstrate a great potential to introduce plug-in electric vehicles through fleets. Although the usage varied slightly during the year, and winter conditions implied a general reduction in use, the results show that the deployment strategy is a central factor for the extent of the vehicle usage. Vehicles that are assigned a certain user or a specific task show a high degree of utilisation. Even though plug-in electric vehicles available through car-pools have a large potential group of users, the options also implies that users can instead choose a conventional vehicle. However, interventions to increase usage have proven to be successful. Policy entrepreneurial actions attract new users and ...

This authoritative new resource provides a comprehensive introduction to plug-in electric vehicles (PEVs), including critical discussions on energy storage and converter technology. The architecture and models for sustainable charging infrastructures and capacity planning of small scale fast charging stations are presented. This book considers PEVs as mobile storage units and explains how PEVS can provide services to the grid. Enabling technologies are explored, including energy storage, converter, and charger technologies for home and park charging. The adoption of EV is discussed and examples are given from the individual battery level to the city level.n nThis book provides guidance on how to build and design sustainable transportation systems. Optimal arrival rates, optimal service rates, facility location problems, load balancing, and demand forecasts are covered in this book. Time-saving MATLAB code and background tables are included in this resource to help engineers with their projects in the field

Intro -- FrontMatter -- Foreword -- Preface -- Acknowledgments -- Contents -- Tables, Figures, and Boxes -- Summary -- 1 The Electric Transmission and Distribution System as a Terrorist Targetwith -- 2 The Electric Power System Today -- 3 Physical Security Considerations for Electric Power Systems -- 4 Vulnerabilities of Systems for Sensing, Communication, and Control -- 5 Vulnerabilities Related to the People Who Run the Electric Power System -- 6 Mitigating the Impact of Attacks on the Power System -- 7 Restoration of the Electric Power System After an Attack -- 8 Strategies for Securing Crucial Services and Critical Infrastructure in the Event of an Extended Power Outage -- 9 Research and Development Needs for the Electric Power Delivery System -- 10 Recommendations -- Appendixes -- Appendix A: Statement of Task -- Appendix B: Committee Biographical Information -- Appendix C: List of Presentations and Committee Meetings -- Appendix D: Acronyms -- Appendix E: Summary of NERC Cyber Security Standards -- Appendix F: Substation Configurations -- Appendix G: Controlling Power Systems -- Appendix H: R&D Needs for the Power Delivery System.

Provides a case study that describes the successful re‐engineering of the project management process of the Hydro‐Electric Corporation (HEC) through workflow technology. Documents the background leading to the development of a workflow project management system and its adoption, and concludes with a number of insights into the complementary relationship between business process redesign and workflow computing in facilitating corporate implementation of strategic information management.

Ausgewählte, wichtige Technologiefelder im Bereich Energieerzeugung, -verteilung und -verbrauch werden anhand ihrer technischen und wirtschaftlichen Entwicklungsziele, ihrer System- und Marktrelevanz sowie der wichtigsten Treiber und Hemmnisse dargestellt. Vor dem Hintergrund des heutigen technischen und ökonomischen Entwicklungsstandes werden zukünftige Forschungs- und Entwicklungsziele, im deutschen und perspektivisch im europäischen Energiesystem, für die nächsten 10 bis 15 Jahre identifiziert. In einer eigenen Technologie-Roadmap werden diese Fakten und Entwicklungen übersichtsartig zusammengefasst. Der Inhalt Zukünftige Energiewelt und Technikauswahl - Kraftwerkstechnik für fossile Brennstoffe - Erneuerbare Energietechnologien - Energiespeicher - Elektrizitätsnetze - Effizienztechnologien und Mikro-KWK - Elektromobilität. Die Zielgruppe - Ingenieure, Wirtschaftswissenschaftler, Geschäftsführer und Unternehmer in den Bereichen Energietechnologien und-versorgung, Politiker mit Bezug zu Energie - Studierende und Dozenten aus den Fachbereichen Energietechnik, Energiewirtschaft, Elektrotechnik, Wirtschaftsingenieurwesen, Technikfolgenabschätzung Die Autoren Dr. Fabio Genoese ist CEPS Fellow am Centre for European Policy Studies in Brüssel und Dozent am Institut d'études politiques (SciencesPo) in Paris. Der Energie- und Verfahrenstechniker Dr. Peter Markewitz ist Wissenschaftler am Forschungszentrum Jülich. Er leitet die Arbeitsgruppe Energietechnik im Bereich Systemforschung und Technologische Entwicklung des Instituts für Energie- und Klimaforschung. Dipl.-Ing. Friedrich Schulte ist im RWE Konzern verantwortlich für die Strategie der Forschung & Entwicklung und leitet die Abteilung Technologien/Scouting. Dr. Sandra Ullrich ist Projektleiterin und wissenschaftliche Mitarbeiterin am Competence Center Energietechnologien und Energiesysteme des Fraunhofer-Instituts für System- und Innovationforschung ISI in Karlsruhe. Prof. Dr. Martin Wietschel leitet das Geschäftsfeld Energiewirtschaft am Fraunhofer Institut für System- und Innovationsforschung und ist Professor am KIT

European Union (EU)Horizon 2020 ; International audience ; The reduction of greenhouse gas emission is necessary to limit the global warming. Electrification of the transport sector is one solution. To accelerate the change, accurate and fast simulation program are one of the key issues. The choice of the accurate model is an important aspect to the simulation program. In this paper, different models of an electric drive for an electric vehicle are compared in terms of computation time and energy consumption. A static model will lead to divide the computation time by 100, by losing only 2% of accuracy