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ABSTRACT Objective: to assess the implementation of actions for early detection of breast cancer in Primary Care and to verify the adequacy of these actions with the Ministry of Health recommendations. Method: a cross-sectional study conducted from September 2017 to March 2018 with 736 women registered in Basic Health Units in two municipalities in Acre. For data collection, a validated questionnaire was used. In statistical analysis, the chi-square test or Fisher's exact test was applied. Results: the frequency of mammography was 42%. Of the women at standard risk for breast cancer, only 5,8% underwent mammography properly. Conclusion: there was a low compliance of early detection actions to the Ministry of Health recommendations; thus, the need to adopt measures to increase professionals' adherence to government proposals is highlighted, as well as continuous actions assessments.

Innovation leading to significant advances in research and subsequent translation to clinical practice is urgently necessary in early detection of sporadic pancreatic cancer. Addressing this need, the Early Detection of Sporadic Pancreatic Cancer Summit Conference was conducted by Kenner Family Research Fund in conjunction with the 2014 American Pancreatic Association and Japan Pancreas Society Meeting. International interdisciplinary scientific representatives engaged in strategic facilitated conversations based on distinct areas of inquiry: Case for Early Detection: Definitions, Detection, Survival, and Challenges; Biomarkers for Early Detection; Imaging; and Collaborative Studies. Ideas generated from the summit have led to the development of a Strategic Map for Innovation built upon 3 components: formation of an international collaborative effort, design of an actionable strategic plan, and implementation of operational standards, research priorities, and first-phase initiatives. Through invested and committed efforts of leading researchers and institutions, philanthropic partners, government agencies, and supportive business entities, this endeavor will change the future of the field and consequently the survival rate of those diagnosed with pancreatic cancer.

Early cancer diagnosis is a clinical and research priority of the UK government. Earlier cancer diagnosis should enable identification of cancers at an earlier stage, leading to improved outcomes.1 This must be balanced with the potential physical and psychological harms of over-investigation and over-diagnosis. The 'two-week wait' (2WW) referral pathway represents the most common route to cancer diagnosis. However, only 39% of cancer diagnoses were made via 2WW pathways in 2017, while significant proportions of diagnoses are made via other outpatient clinics (32%) or emergency presentation (19%), representing potentially missed diagnostic opportunities.2 Approximately 50% of cancer patients present with non-specific but concerning symptoms of cancer (NSCS).3 Compared to 'alarm symptoms' these have low predictive values for cancer and are less indicative of site-specific disease; consequently, they are not reflected in 2WW referral criteria.3 These patients frequently are referred later for specialist investigation and have more advanced disease.4 A principal goal for the new NHS Rapid Diagnostic Centres (RDCs) is to provide a pathway for patients with NSCS to detect cancer earlier, where treatment outcomes are more favourable.1 NHS England aims to provide full population coverage with RDCs by 2024.5

ABSTRACT Purpose: Prostate cancer screening in the elderly is controversial. The Brazilian government and the National Cancer Institute (INCA) do not recommend systematic screening. Our purpose was to assess prevalence and aggressiveness of prostate cancer in men aged 70 years and above, on the first Latin American database to date. Materials and Methods: Cross-sectional study (n=17,571) from 231 municipalities, visited by Mobile Cancer Prevention Units of a prostate-specific antigen (PSA) based opportunistic screening program, between 2004 and 2007. The criteria for biopsy were: PSA>4.0ng/ml, or PSA 2.5-4.0ng/ml with free/total PSA ratio ≤15%, or suspicious digital rectal examination findings. The screened men were stratified in two age groups (45-69 years, and ≥70 years). These groups were compared regarding prostate cancer prevalence and aggressiveness criteria (PSA, Gleason score from biopsy and TNM staging). Results: The prevalence of prostate cancer found was 3.7%. When compared to men aged 45-69 years, individuals aged 70 years and above presented cancer prevalence about three times higher (prevalence ratio 2.9, p<0.01), and greater likelihood to present PSA level above 10.0ng/ml at diagnosis (odds ratio 2.63, p<0.01). The group of elderly men also presented prevalence of histologically aggressive disease (Gleason 8-10) 3.6 times higher (p<0.01), and 5-fold greater prevalence of metastases (PR 4.95, p<0.05). Conclusions: Prostate cancer screening in men aged over 70 may be relevant in Brazil, considering the absence of systematic screening, higher prevalence and higher probability of high-risk disease found in this age range of the population studied.

AbstractEarly detection of cervical and breast cancers is an important component of women's health strategy. Screening programmes, health professional interventions and preventive behaviours such as breast self-examination provide the means to this end. Our twin study sought to identify the relative influence of environmental and genetic factors on liability to early cancer detection behaviours, including use of cervical smear tests, mammograms, and breast examination. Additive genetic and random environmental effects models gave the best, most parsimonious fit to the data for each early cancer detection behaviour. The heritability of liability to Pap smear use was 66%, mammogram use 50%, breast examination by a doctor or nurse 38% and breast self-examination 37%. Genetic influences were behaviour-specific; there was no evidence for a common genetic influence on the four behaviours. Potential covariates investigated included age, amount of contact between co-twins, educational level and personality traits such as harm avoidance, novelty seeking, reward dependence, neuroticism, anxiety, depression, self-esteem, perceived control, interpersonal dependency and ways of coping. None were significant. The study was carried out before the implementation of national screening programmes with media campaigns to increase participation rates. Hence follow-up investigation, including data on regularity of behaviours, would be informative

Breast cancer is the third most common malignant cause of death in women in Croatia, preceded by lung and colorectal cancer. According to the last available data, in 2017 breast cancer was diagnosed in 2767 patients (rate 132.1/100,000), and in 2019, 752 women died from the disease (rate 35.9/100,000). However, the number of deaths has been steadily decreasing for four years in a row (2,3). If we compare the Croatian estimates with those from the European Union (EU-27) countries, we can see that Croatia is near the EU-27 average according to cancer burden (15th out of 27 countries; 14th in men and 19th in women) and fifth according to cancer mortality. However, when we look only at breast cancer estimates, the situation is much better; standardized breast cancer mortality rates for Croatia are below the EU-27 average (16th out of 27 countries) (1). Although the majority of breast cancer cases are not preventable, it is crucial to make the diagnosis at an early stage, when more than 90% of women can be cured. Mammography screening remains the best and widely validated method of early detection of breast cancer, despite its shortcomings and the emergence of other imaging modalities with high diagnostic accuracy.

Breast cancer is one of the cancers susceptible to screening and early detection through clinical breast examination and mammography. The Department of Statistics of Jordan has estimated it in 2020; there are 1,140,460 women are eligible (40 years and above) for mammography screening where only 13,000 were screened, making it 1.14% of the eligible population. There are limitations to breast screening in Jordan is the cost of mammography. The average cost of the examination for the non-insurance population is $70, which can burden an average Jordanian family compared to their monthly average wage $639. Stakeholders could be working on unifying an affordable cost of mammography examination across all private healthcare facilities in parallel.

ABSTRACT The article aims to develop an evaluative model of actions for the early detection of breast cancer in primary care. This evaluability study was conducted through document analysis, literature review, and consensus meeting stages to prepare the evaluative matrix. The result was the development of the Analysis and Judgment Matrix, composed of 14 indicators aggregated into two dimensions. Applying the evaluative model will allow the identification of the weaknesses and strengths of actions for the early detection of breast cancer.

The study aimed to address the global challenge of cancer-related fatalities by investigating the feasibility of identifying or predicting the early-stage presence of three distinct forms of cancers, colon, thyroid and urothelial carcinoma, via the analysis of raw DNA sequences. The data, sourced from the NCBI database, underwent a series of pre-processing techniques, including kmer analysis, under-sampling and count vectorization. Subsequently, machine learning algorithms, including logistic regression and multinomial Naive Bayes, were implemented on the pre-processed data with logistic regression demonstrating superior accuracy of 80.10% with calibration and 78.54% without calibration. To enhance the model's extrapolative capabilities, the logistic regression model was further calibrated utilizing the sigmoid method. The final model was deployed through the utilization of the open-source streamlit package.

ABSTRACT: Despite considerable research efforts, pancreatic cancer is associated with a dire prognosis and a 5-year survival rate of only 10%. Early symptoms of the disease are mostly nonspecific. The premise of improved survival through early detection is that more individuals will benefit from potentially curative treatment. Artificial intelligence (AI) methodology has emerged as a successful tool for risk stratification and identification in general health care. In response to the maturity of AI, Kenner Family Research Fund conducted the 2020 AI and Early Detection of Pancreatic Cancer Virtual Summit (www.pdac-virtualsummit.org) in conjunction with the American Pancreatic Association, with a focus on the potential of AI to advance early detection efforts in this disease. This comprehensive presummit article was prepared based on information provided by each of the interdisciplinary participants on one of the 5 following topics: Progress, Problems, and Prospects for Early Detection; AI and Machine Learning; AI and Pancreatic Cancer-Current Efforts; Collaborative Opportunities; and Moving Forward-Reflections from Government, Industry, and Advocacy. The outcome from the robust Summit conversations, to be presented in a future white paper, indicate that significant progress must be the result of strategic collaboration among investigators and institutions from multidisciplinary backgrounds, supported by committed funders.

Despite considerable research efforts, pancreatic cancer is associated with a dire prognosis and a 5-year survival rate of only 10%. Early symptoms of the disease are mostly nonspecific. The premise of improved survival through early detection is that more individuals will benefit from potentially curative treatment. Artificial intelligence (AI) methodology has emerged as a successful tool for risk stratification and identification in general health care. In response to the maturity of AI, Kenner Family Research Fund conducted the 2020 AI and Early Detection of Pancreatic Cancer Virtual Summit (www.pdac-virtualsummit.org) in conjunction with the American Pancreatic Association, with a focus on the potential of AI to advance early detection efforts in this disease. This comprehensive presummit article was prepared based on information provided by each of the interdisciplinary participants on one of the 5 following topics: Progress, Problems, and Prospects for Early Detection; AI and Machine Learning; AI and Pancreatic Cancer—Current Efforts; Collaborative Opportunities; and Moving Forward—Reflections from Government, Industry, and Advocacy. The outcome from the robust Summit conversations, to be presented in a future white paper, indicate that significant progress must be the result of strategic collaboration among investigators and institutions from multidisciplinary backgrounds, supported by committed funders.