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The objectives of a startup are to be one"s own boss and to create employment to others which warrants lot of endurance and sacrifice. Large population with high percentage of middle income group, educated youth with technical background, IT domination, high internet and mobile penetration are some of the drivers that have thrown up opportunities for spreading startup revolution in India. The "Make-in-India" initiatives and other government schemes have also given a boost to startups with many individuals entering the fray. Starting a venture is a well planned and disciplined exercise with due consideration of both internal and external factors that may impact the sustainability of the venture. The idea behind the venture, market size, revenue and profit targets are some of the important factors that need to be clearly defined before embarking on the journey. Time, team work and tenacity are important elements which determine entrepreneurial success. Infrastructure, government regulations and availability of finance at various stages of growth could be some of the challenges for startups. In fact, history is replete with examples of startups which began with big fanfare but ended as damp squibs within a short span of time due to various reasons. The paper discusses few issues and challenges that an Indian startup has to face and the opportunities that the country can provide in the current ecosystem.

Until 2018, there was no legal form in Latvia to regulate businesses that were not aimed at profit making. Therefore, non‐profit oriented organizations were forced to operate in a controversial legal status. The entrepreneur could choose to be a merchant, or to do entrepreneurship through a nongovernmental organization – which is not suitable for entrepreneurship. Local municipalities were also forced to act in a manner like entrepreneurs. In order to give their organizations autonomy, municipalities set up commercial companies that, according to Latvian legislation, were programmed to make profit. This led to a situation where the municipality, which ''a priori'' operates for the benefit of citizens, when establishing a new municipal company must behave like pure merchant whose only aim is profit. In this study, the possibilities of local governments to engage in social entrepreneurship were studied by using triangulation of data obtained by different research methods. The work assesses the possibilities of local governments in Latvia to transform their existing organizations, establish new social enterprises, and entrust social entrepreneurship functions to social enterprises founded by the private sector.

Entrepreneurship is a relatively young field; nonetheless, the research in this domain has been growing at an impressive rate in recent decades. As is commonly the case with emerging fields, entrepreneurship research currently faces a number of opportunities and challenges. Overall, entrepreneurship has an opportunity to establish itself as a field whose methodological rigor matches that of neighboring fields such as organizational behavior and strategic management, but some key challenges stand in the way of completing this endeavor. Herein, we outline the challenges that emerged from an informal survey of editorial board members of Organizational Research Methods (ORM) about the state of entrepreneurship research methods. We then discuss how the articles included in the feature topic on research methods in entrepreneurship hold great promises for resolving these challenges.

Governments all over the world including India now focus more and more on 'Entrepreneurship' through research innovation and empowerment. Women form a greater part of our society and are also encouraged to contribute to national development by involving themselves in mainstream economic activities. Women Entrepreneurship is a phenomenon that is getting the focus of Government, NGOs, NPOs, scholars, and other stakeholders. The reason for such interest is that it is something that is still untapped and lagging behind the event, today, especially in backward, hilly areas of the country. Garhwal Region of Uttarakhand is one such region which is our area of this research we surveyed 200 women involved in varied entrepreneurial activities. This research study and findings were aimed to identify key areas and factors involving Women's Entrepreneurship such as opportunities involved and deterrence in entering such field and growing and thriving thereafter. Further, there are methods and initiatives proposed which would enhance such opportunities and nullify the deterrence involved.

No country in the world can afford the slow down pace of economic growth in the current scenario of economics that's why it must need to work to overcome the recession and depression from economy. The sale and purchase of products and services and the growth of economic cycle must remain in process of moving consistently. Now only those persons and individuals can compete with current conditions of market barriers who better understand the opportunities and challenges of entrepreneurship. Now the concept of handling work stress with tight schedules and target work oriented lives has been replaced with entrepreneurship. Entrepreneurs are the individuals who not only work to meet their own goals but also work to meet the needs of society intentionally or unintentionally to ultimately contribute to economic growth of the country. The meaningful and high yielding employment opportunities created by excellent enterprising skills are highly mandatory for emerging economies. The development of agriculture and industrial sector is highly based on capabilities of entrepreneurial people. The highest growing economies of the world are working upon youth and entrepreneurial activities. This paper will strive to outline the various opportunities like economic restructuring, retired employees, glass ceilings, government resets, technology, restart of recessionary businesses, immigrants, underutilized talent as well as various challenges which are creating barriers to the appearing entrepreneurs. Data will be collected from representative and non-representative respondents through interview method. It will further provide them knowledge about how they can start the consumer-oriented businesses to overcome the recession from economies.

ABSTRACTSanta Clara, on Angola's southern border with Namibia, is now a very dynamic urban hub, both economically and socially. It stands out in the remote province of Cunene, recording greater growth in the last five years than the provincial capital, Ondjiva. Its recent transformation into a thriving trading centre was mostly due to massive migration and an intensification of trade between Angola and Namibia at the beginning of this century, although the region's history in the last hundred years is a very different one. While local traders and entrepreneurs have developed their own strategies within this context, national and local administrative structures of the recently pacified country are trying to regulate trading and settlement. These forces in action produce both more sustainable and organised urban growth and at the same time influence social and economic development in the region. The main boom seems to be over, due to relatively successful regulation, which makes the region less attractive to business activity. Traders and entrepreneurs operating locally now have to find new strategies and opportunities. This article, based on empirical research and combined surveys, conducts an analysis of these dynamics and contributes to an understanding of regulation impacts, the way in which local traders cope with them, and the strategies they have developed.

This paper looks at the government and local governance structures of Barbados, arguing that local governance should be leveraged to expand entrepreneurship opportunities at the community level. It examines the links between local governance and entrepreneurship, and proposes a framework aimed at strengthening the relationship between Barbados' newly formed constituency councils and its government institutions supporting entrepreneurship. The research concludes that there are many inefficiencies in the interaction between government agencies and constituency councils, which the proposed framework is a first step toward remedying. The research suggests that local governance is a complex issue worldwide. More specifically in Barbados, even though the role of the constituency councils is defined, there are weak formal arrangements which undermine the processes and activities to support community entrepreneurship. The proposed framework highlighted in the research is a first step in formalising a way forward for entrepreneurship in the community.

This paper looks at the government and local governance structures of Barbados, arguing that local governance should be leveraged to expand entrepreneurship opportunities at the community level. It examines the links between local governance and entrepreneurship, and proposes a framework aimed at strengthening the relationship between Barbados' newly formed constituency councils and its government institutions supporting entrepreneurship. The research concludes that there are many inefficiencies in the interaction between government agencies and constituency councils, which the proposed framework is a first step toward remedying. The research suggests that local governance is a complex issue worldwide. More specifically in Barbados, even though the role of the constituency councils is defined, there are weak formal arrangements which undermine the processes and activities to support community entrepreneurship. The proposed framework highlighted in the research is a first step in formalising a way forward for entrepreneurship in the community.

Maģistra darba ietvaros tiek pētītas sociālās uzņēmējdarbības attīstības iespējas Latvijā. Maģistra darba mērķis ir izpētīt un izanalizēt sociālās uzņēmējdarbības principus, Latvijas un ārvalstu pieredzi šajā jomā, kā arī sniegt priekšlikumus par priekšnoteikumiem sociālās uzņēmējdarbības attīstības iespējām Latvijā. Lai sasniegtu izvirzīto mērķi, maģistra darba ietvaros jāizpilda sekojoši uzdevumi: izpētīt sociālās uzņēmējdarbības jēdziena būtību; izpētīt Latvijas tiesisko regulējumu ar sociālo uzņēmējdarbību saistītās jomās; izvērtēt situāciju Latvijā sociālās uzņēmējdarbības jomā; sniegt priekšlikumus sociālās uzņēmējdarbības attīstības veicinošas vides izveidei. Darbs sastāv no 3 pamatdaļām: teorētiskās, analītiskās un empīriskā pētījuma daļas. Darba rezultātā sniegti priekšlikumi sociālās uzņēmējdarbības attīstības veicināšanai. ; Master's paper is dedicated to research of social entrepreneurship development opportunities in Latvia. The aim of the paper is to research and analyse the basic principles of social entrepreneurship, foreign and local experience in the field and give suggestions about preconditions of social entrepreneurship development in Latvia. To achieve the aim of the paper, the following tasks have to be done: to study the basic nature of social entrepreneurship concept; to analyse legislation in the fields connected with social entrepreneurship; to evaluate the situation in Latvia in the field of social entrepreneurship; to give suggestions for forming the conductive environment for development of social entrepreneurship. Master's paper consists of three main parts: theoretical, analytical, and empirical research part. As a result of the paper suggestions for development of social entrepreneurship are given.

The rapidly rising inflow of foreign migrants confronts policy-makers with many socio-economic problems. The negative externalities of uncontrolled immigration are well known and often hard to cope with. In recent years we have seen many policy initiatives based on self-reliance principles for ethnic groups. Against this background ethnic entrepreneurship has become a popular strategy, as it stimulates and encourages migrants to look after themselves with a limited support of the government. Such a policy becomes an increasingly important endeavour in many large cities. Besides the conventional educational support and training programmes, such a strategy would need to implementpolicy strategies aiming at self-employment. An emphasis on ethnic entrepreneurship seeks to exploit the economic potential and opportunities instead of focusing on the problems minorities encounter when entering the labour market. In ethnic entrepreneurship, this potential can be utilised in a creative way, especially if well-organised projects and initiatives are set up.In this paper, various assistance programmes and urban policies in several European cities aiming at favouring ethnic entrepreneurship will be systematically compared with the aim to draw lessons for effective labour market policies. The methodological approach will employ a systematic information base concerning self-employment strategies in the cities under investigation. A newly developed comparative statistical method for categorical information, viz. rough set analysis, will be used in order to identify critical success factors. The results suggest that utilisation of socialnetworks is most helpful to enhance self-employment among ethnic minorities. Finally, the paper offers some lessons for the establishment of socio-cultural and ethnic networks, for strategies for improving training and education and for improvement of access to facilities and financial resources.

Abstract

Objectives
This study aims to identify the roles of various universities in Indonesia in providing education that helps develop digital entrepreneurship: this includes the implications, contributions, and challenges of digitalization; the identification of the impact of digital entrepreneurship on businesses within Indonesia; and an examination of the opportunities and challenges for digital entrepreneurship in Indonesian universities.


Methodology
The research adopted a qualitative data analysis methodology. This was achieved through secondary data collection, mainly through a content review of the existing literature.


Findings
The study results indicate that academics have engaged in various forms of digital entrepreneurship, including e-commerce, commercial application development, and digital education business. Each step of digital academic entrepreneurship has been conceived within the context of universities. Digital academic entrepreneurship is the use of digital technology to achieve a goal, and this model includes the following components: motivation, stakeholders, processes, and business forms.


Implications
Universities must effectively embrace and foster digital academic entrepreneurship. According to this study, there are many ways that the government may encourage digital entrepreneurship at universities. Educational institutions have to give more thought to the growth of student businesses, particularly after firms have been established. The monitoring of student businesses should be handled by a specialized team based at universities.


Limitations
The main limitation was the fact that the study was limited to secondary data sources; therefore, future research should focus on primary data. Additionally, it was limited to Indonesian universities; future research should be performed on institutions in more advanced countries. Furthermore, the study used a qualitative research method; therefore, future research should use alternative research methodologies.

The rapidly rising inflow of foreign migrants confronts policymakers with many socio-economic problems. The negative externalities of uncontrolled immigration are well known and often hard to cope with. Recent years have seen the appearance of many policy initiatives based on self-reliance principles for ethnic groups. Against this background, ethnic entrepreneurship has become a popular strategy as it stimulates and encourages migrants to look after themselves with only limited support from the government: such policies are becoming increasingly important in many large cities. In addition to the conventional educational support and training programmes, such strategies need to implement policies aimed at self-employment. An emphasis on ethnic entrepreneurship is an attempt to exploit the economic potential and opportunities of foreign migrants, instead of focusing on the problems which minorities encounter when entering the labour market. In ethnic entrepreneurship this potential can be utilised in a creative way, especially if well-organised projects and initiatives are set up. The authors compare various assistance programmes and urban policies in several European cities, which are aimed at favouring ethnic entrepreneurship, with the aim of drawing lessons for effective labour-market policies. Their approach is to employ a systematic information base concerning self-employment strategies in the cities under investigation. A newly developed comparative statistical method for categorical information, namely, rough-set analysis, is used in order to identify critical success factors. The results suggest that utilisation of social networks is most helpful in enhancing self-employment among ethnic minorities. The authors offer some lessons for the establishment of sociocultural and ethnic networks, for strategies for improving training and education, and for improving access to facilities and financial resources.