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The aim of this research study is to test an integrative model of entrepreneurial opportunity recognition based on theories of cognition, social capital, environmental development and personality.240 entrepreneurs in the services industry participated in this survey. Multiple regression analysis was used to test the model and find the factors that predict entrepreneurial opportunity recognition. Overall, eight hypotheses were tested and six were supported. Schema was found to be the strongest significant variable amongst all.The study results indicate that entrepreneurs who discover opportunities organize prior knowledge and information related to their field in a manner that is easily accessible, have confidence in themselves, use social networks (both weak and strong ties) and see opportunities in changes in the economic environment.The study implies that potential entrepreneurs should be supported in terms of their social networks and instructed in the beliefs about the information and changes in the environment needed to spot opportunities. Governments play a role in providing a munificent economic environment.

Gender and Tourism: Challenges and Entrepreneurial Opportunities adopts a multi-disciplinary approach, building on a historically informed, future-focused research agenda that accounts for the needs and concerns of contemporary policy makers and practitioners in the tourism field. The collection is structured in two parts, with the first part collecting chapters that analyze the key factors of female entrepreneurship in the tourism sector, the participation of women at leading, decision making positions worldwide, the potential of female business development in both global and local terms and the main inhibitors for their under representation in top managerial key positions. The second part includes chapters that investigate, through significant case studies, which is the most appropriate governance and management model to be implemented in the context of gender and tourism. Gender and Tourism is the result of reflections on researches of different nationalities and provides a comprehensive collection of new insights for traditional paradigms, approaches and methods, as well as exploring more recent developments in research methodology in the context of gender and tourism studies.

This paper focuses on entrepreneurial opportunities in a consumer market setting. The purpose is to explore how the corporate branding process influences emerging entrepreneurial opportunities. The empirical results show the importance of symbols and images influencing emerging opportunities, rather than isolated product innovations. Here the importance of examining all the people involved in the entrepreneurial process, rather than just focusing on the entrepreneur or the entrepreneurial organization, is emphasized. The case illustrates the intensity and the devotion invested in the creation of a context that holds the Nav products. In this process the interplay between identity and image is described in a corporate branding perspective. I show how, by whom, and where, the creation of context becomes distinct. Introducing the creation of context to entrepreneurship theories change the opportunity discussion from a situation where organizational aspects are primarily focused on, to a situation also emphasizing the consumer market side of entrepreneurial opportunities. The theoretical results illustrate how branding theory and marketing/entrepreneurship interface theories shift the interest from organization aspects to market related aspects of the entrepreneurial process. The overall conclusions are that branding aspects of the entrepreneurial process are becoming more challenging in a society and on a market generally characterized by fragmentation.

Focusing on sustainable innovation in emerging economies, this book is amongst the first to identify how these perspectives can be used by entrepreneurs within the process of recognising opportunities. As identifying opportunities is fundamental to successful entrepreneurship, it is crucial for aspirant entrepreneurs to identify appropriate openings that help them gain a competitive advantage in the international marketplace. Whilst there are an abundance of opportunities available, assessing them in terms of their timeliness and relevance is vital. Each chapter introduces a new way of looking at entrepreneurial opportunities in a range of different contexts including emerging markets, franchise relationships, pricing and revenue management, and the tourism sector. This global, cross-disciplinary perspective of entrepreneurial opportunities offers a unique blending of multiple theoretical viewpoints which are useful for researchers of entrepreneurship and entrepreneurs themselves. Enabling the development of both a social and financial view of entrepreneurship, Vanessa Ratten curates a collection which characterises and responds to the contemporary market pressures felt by business leaders worldwide.

Before technological change leads to new processes, products, markets, or ways of organizing, entrepreneurs must discover opportunities in which to exploit the new technology. To date, research has not explained adequately why entrepreneurs discover these opportunities, which creates several conceptual problems in the entrepreneurship literature. Drawing on Austrian economics, I argue that opportunity discovery is a function of the distribution of information in society (Hayek 1945). Through in-depth case studies of eight sets of entrepreneurs who exploit a single MIT invention, I show that entrepreneurs discover opportunities related to the information that they already possess. I use these findings to draw several implications that differ from those prevailing in the entrepreneurship literature, including: (1) entrepreneurs do not always select between alternative market opportunities for new technologies; (2) the source of entrepreneurship lies in differences in information about opportunities; (3) the results of prior studies of entrepreneurial exploitation may suffer from bias; and (4) individual differences influence the opportunities that people discover, how their entrepreneurial efforts are organized, and how the government can influence this process.

This paper seeks to increase understanding of the role the environment in the emergence of business opportunities, and how opportunities change as industries evolves. It explores the dynamics of entrepreneurial opportunity in the British steamship industry. It suggests niches are created when environmental thresholds are reached. Entrepreneurs who act before thresholds are reached fail. A complex relationship between inventors, innovators/entrepreneurs and higher order opportunities is revealed illustrating the difficulty of identifying 'higher order opportunities. Over time, variations in environmental forces changed niche size and carrying capacity. Causes of new niche formation were both exogenous and endogenous supporting both Kirzner and Schumpeter. Inertial forces inhibited the ability of existing players to seize opening niches and expanded opportunities for new comers.