Suchergebnisse

This book evaluates the policies of least developed countries (LDCs) and the decisions that they now face against the backdrop of the changes in the structure of the global economy and in the globalization process itself. It analyses possible scenarios and alternative trade and growth policies that are likely to affect the LDCs and their poor population, in order to draw lessons for future policies. The book has 6 chapters and a subject index.

The regulatory systems in place prior to the development and expansion of agricultural biotechnology are still responding to this new form of technology. Such systems include trade law, intellectual property law, contract law, environmental regulations and biosafety regulations. This book reviews these reforms which are aimed at achieving a regulatory system supported by consumers and other political groups. The 24 chapters have been developed from papers presented at a conference of the International Consortium on Agricultural Biotechnology Research, held in Italy in July 2002. Primary consideration is given to the relationship between these regulatory changes and innovation, market development and international trade. The chapters are presented in the 6 sections: introduction and overview (1 chapter); evolving regulation systems (6 chapters); regulation and innovation (5 chapters); regulations, market structures and innovation (4 chapters); regulation and market development (5 chapters); and economic impacts (3 chapters). A subject index is supplied. This book will be of interest to those working within biotechnology, law and agricultural economics.

This book looks at the restructuring of the agri-food industry and the rise of global retail chains in developing and transition countries, focusing on the implications of these changes for the poor. Part I (chapters 2-7) (i) identifies global changes in food standards and supply chains, (ii) explains their emergence and relevance for today's trade and development debate, and (iii) presents a series of conceptual frameworks necessary to understand the changes and their effects. Part II (chapters 8-18) contains a set of empirical studies, organized by region, which present new quantitative information on the effects of globalization and vertical contracting in modern supply chains in developing, emerging and transition countries. Part III (chapters 19-22) discusses the implications of these developments for the international policy agenda. The book has a subject index.

This book arises from a joint research project between the Food and Resource Economics Institute in Denmark and the Food Policy Research Institute in Washington. It analyses the effects of developed countries' agricultural policies on developing countries. The main focus is on food security, poverty and other topics such as multifunctionality, biotechnology and regional agreements, as an input to policy reform within the World Trade Organization trade negotiations. The results have been presented in a way that is usable by interested parties in developing countries. The book will be of interest to those researching and working in agricultural economics, development studies and law. It has 14 chapters and a subject index.

This book provides a review and guide to environmental policy options for the control of agricultural pollution (particularly water pollution) and the economic, administrative and political merits of such policies. The principal focus is on the developed world, particularly North America and Europe. The book covers: the issues concerning agriculture and water quality; the voluntary and indirect approaches for reducing externalities and satisfying multiple objectives; the estimation of the benefits and costs of pollution control policies; the pollution control policies in the USA and EU; and the decomposition of the effects of trade on the environment. The book contains 7 chapters and a subject index.

International Trade and Food Security: The Future of Indian Agriculture -- Copyright -- Contents -- Contributors -- Foreword -- Preface -- Acronyms -- 1: Introduction -- The Organization of the Book -- 2: Transformation of Indian Agriculture Following Economic Liberalization -- Indian Economic and Agricultural Performance -- Evolution of Agricultural Trade -- Structure of global agricultural trade -- India-European Union trade in agricultural commodities -- Challenges and Opportunities Thus Far -- Boosting investments and rationalizing subsidies

This volume investigates the cost implications and competitiveness effects resulting from regulations and standards in the fields of environment, human health and animal welfare and production-linked rules of "good agricultural conditions" for a range of agricultural products in the EU, USA, Canada and New Zealand. Part I of the book (chapters 2-6) highlights changes taking place in developed country agricultures. Part II (chapters 7-11) offers a commodity approach linking public concerns with trade and competitiveness. Emerging policy perspectives are identified in Part III (chapters 12-16).

This book provides an overview of the potential role of organic agriculture in a global perspective. Initially, the book provides a description of global trends in agriculture followed by discussions on sustainability, globalization and the relatively new concepts of 'ecological justice' and 'political ecology'. Different views on economy and trade are discussed with a focus on ecological economics. Then, the status and possibilities of organic agriculture in developing countries are discussed, including problems of nutrient cycles and soil depletion plus issues on veterinary medicine. Furthermore, organic farming is related to the world food supply. The possibilities of knowledge exchange in organic agriculture are also evaluated and how a large-scale conversion to organic agriculture would impact on food security. Finally, prospects and challenges of organic farming in a globalized world are discussed in a synthesis chapter. This book will be of interest to researchers in organic agriculture, agricultural economics and rural development as well as NGO workers and policy makers. The book has 12 chapters and a subject index.

This book examines why genetically modified (GM) agricultural crops that are approved as safe in North America (Canada and the USA) are facing significant regulatory hurdles in gaining access to the European Union. It illustrates the challenge of regulatory regionalism created by social regulatory barriers, and proposes a regulatory development and integration strategy capable of overcoming this challenge. Part I of the book establishes the context for analysing regulatory regionalism created by social regulatory barriers. In part II, the challenges of regulatory development are linked with the challenges of regulatory integration. Part III presents a case study of transatlantic regulatory regionalism. Part IV assesses why the traditional trade-diplomacy approach is incapable of addressing the transatlantic regulatory regionalism associated with GM crops. Given this analysis, an amended trade-diplomacy approach is proposed and examined. The book has 8 chapters and a subject index.

The World Trade Organization Agreement on Agriculture has had a fundamental impact on agricultural policy worldwide. This book addresses the interface between the law, the WTO and agricultural policy reform, and brings together leading authorities in the law of international trade.

This book reviews issues about the quality of the environment in relation to agriculture, and relates them to agricultural trade and competition. It focuses primarily on the key environmental and human-health issues (e.g., pollution from agriculture, the quality of landscapes, animal welfare, and food safety) affecting agriculture in the EU, USA, Canada, Australia, and New Zealand. It also reviews the policy measures and standards established in these countries. The book contains 11 chapters and a subject index.

In April 2001, the EU and the USA announced the end of a trade dispute over the sale of bananas into the EU market. The EU's allocation of import licences had been found to violate World Trade Organization (WTO) rules and to discriminate against suppliers from Latin America. This book examines the issues surrounding the dispute, in particular: the dependence of small Caribbean economies on European banana markets; the role of the private sector in influencing public policy; the relation between banana trade and the political tensions of the EU's Common Agricultural Policy; the domestic political influence of banana companies in the USA; and the role of the WTO and its settlement of trade disputes. The book has 10 chapters and a subject index.

A short book designed to provide a review of information on the scale of manufacture, import, export and use of chemical pesticides, examples of direct risks to human welfare in terms of acute poisonings caused by occupational exposure and pesticide residues in food, and examples of problems with the storage of obsolete stocks of pesticides in developing countries. The main emphasis is on acute problems in developing countries, particularly in Latin America, Asia and Africa, but some information is also provided about developed countries. There are four chapters (Chemical pesticide markets, Pesticide exposure and health effects, Pesticide residues and Obsolete pesticide stocks) and an index is included.

This book offers information on the agricultural economy of Kazakhstan, Russia and Ukraine (KRU region). It covers a wide range of relevant issues, such as agricultural policies that affect production and trade, the privatization of land markets, the optimal use of fertilizers and other inputs, and the role of cooperatives. A number of sectors are examined, including poultry, dairy, fruits, and vegetables. However, particular attention is paid to the potential expansion of the region's grain sector and why the KRU region emerged during the 2000s as a major grain exporter, and its potential to further expand grain production and exports. The authors of the book's 23 chapters include scholars from Europe, the USA and Canada who are working with collaborators in the KRU countries. By broadening the knowledge and understanding of the constraints, potentials and policy trade-offs that will determine the agricultural development and trade performance of the KRU countries, this book serves as an important resource for global stakeholders focused on food security and food markets and for the scholarly community that analyses the workings and evolution of these markets.