Suchergebnisse

This paper examines future trends in the environment and clean technologies (ECT) sector. Seven national technology foresight studies have been reviewed with the purpose of (i) screening the main issues linked to environmental and clean technologies (ii) highlighting major developments that are likely to play a crucial role for future paths towards sustainability.

AbstractAn overview of electroconvulsive therapy is presented, along with some key issues relating to depression in the elderly. The use of electroconvulsive therapy in different elderly populations is discussed, with a review of indications, medical considerations, patient evaluation, cognitive and other side effects, and relapse prevention.

Depuis la rentrée 2013, la mise en place des ects pour les formations d'éducateur spécialisé bouleverse l'organisation pédagogique des cursus de formation. Le but avoué de cette harmonisation des cursus est la mobilité européenne. Mais les ects modifient en profondeur le volume de la formation et son contenu, notamment par l'obligation qui est faite d'évaluer chaque module pour valider chaque semestre. La segmentation en modules et en semestres accentue le découpage en domaines de compétences (réforme de 2007) des contenus pédagogiques. La professionnalisation en sort-elle gagnante ?

Abstract
Following a wave of announcements from major EU Member States withdrawing or considering withdrawing from the Energy Charter Treaty (ECT), the European Commission decided to recommend a coordinated withdrawal of the EU and its Member States from the ECT. The European Commission also backs the adoption of a 'subsequent agreement on the interpretation of the ECT' between the EU and its Member States that would 'clarify' that the ECT and its sunset clause do not apply intra-EU. The sunset clause contained in Article 47(3) of the ECT has been described as a major hurdle in States' attempt to exit the ECT. However, under an international treaty law analysis, strong arguments confirm the availability of an agreement between a subset of ECT Contracting Parties that would exclude the application of the ECT and its sunset clause in their relations inter se—including the envisaged EU agreement—as a suitable and effective alternative to modernisation of the ECT. Not only does this appear as the most desirable outcome in view of the continuing protection of fossil fuels under the modernised ECT, but such an agreement would also be firmly grounded in public international law.

Amongst the changes the Department of Trade and Industry is considering is an amendment of the definition of "electronic signature". Although the amendment seems to be in line with the provisions of the UNCITRAL Model Laws on eCommerce and the 2005 UN Convention on the Use of Electronic Communications in International Contracts, the amendment sets additional and more onerous requirements for all electronic signatures. The note illustrates how this amendment undermines the key principles of functional equivalence, media neutrality and party autonomy, and how this innocuous looking amendment may have very harmful practical consequences. It is suggested that amendments to section 13 would be more appropriate to achieve the objectives of the legislature.

ECT is an important type of biological treatment in psychiatry that remains highly efficacious in the treatment of various disorders like severe depression, treatment-resistant depression, mania, acute schizophrenia, and catatonia and is even considered safe for the treatment of severe depression and bipolar disorder in women with pregnancy if all precautions are taken. It can even be life-saving in certain conditions. Due to various reasons, ECT became a subject of scrutiny from judicial quarters and human rights activists. Violent convulsions induced in unmodified ECT were also responsible for the distorted depiction of ECT in mass media. WHO, in its publication, "Resource Book on Mental Health, Human Rights, and Legislation" (2005) mentions the controversy regarding its very usefulness. The book also states that there is no indication of ECT in minors and categorically recommends stoppage of the use of the unmodified ECT and ECT to minors through legislation. The Mental Healthcare Act, 2017 (MHCA, 2017) was enacted recently in which provisions regarding the ECT are largely based on the WHO recommendations, though the ECT to minors is not outrightly prohibited with restrictions that have been imposed on its use in minors. Regardless of the fact of negative depiction in the media as well as in society, the place of ECT in psychiatric practice cannot be denied. In this symposium, we shall discuss various aspects of ECT including its present status in our country. Subtopics and speakers are as follows. 1. Practice of ECT in Psychiatry: Clinical Facts and Changing Trends – Dr. Rajesh Kumar, Professor and HOD of Psychiatry, IGIMS, Patna. 2. ECT and Human Rights: Global Law/ Statutes and its Implications – Dr. Pankaj Kumar, Additional Professor of HOD, AIIMS, Patna. 3. Current Status of ECT in India – Post MHCA, 2017. – Dr. C.L. Narayan, Ex-Professor of Psychiatry, AN Magadh Medical College, GAYA, BIHAR.