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AbstractCanadians spend approximately 2.2% of the country's gross domestic product on outdoor recreation, but we do not yet know the economic benefits people receive from participating in these activities. I provide the first ever comprehensive assessment of the economic benefits of outdoor recreation in Canada. I use a nationally representative survey of recreational behaviour on over 24,000 Canadians to estimate a Kuhn–Tucker demand model that accounts for substitution between activities and satiation in demand. The results demonstrate that participation in outdoor recreation provides Canadians with $98 billion in annual economic benefits, which is well over twice as large as reported expenditures. I also reveal substantial heterogeneity in recreation benefits across activities and regions in Canada.

Empirical studies have found that achieving superdiversity—a substantial increase in the scale and scope of minority ethnic and immigrant groups in a region—can provide certain economic benefits, such as higher levels of worker productivity and innovation. Other studies have found that these benefits can be compromised by political and populist anxieties about ethnic, religious, and linguistic diversity.

Invest in women, invest in America : a comprehensive review of women in the U.S. economy / Joint Economic Committee -- The gender wage gap jeopardizes women's retirement security / Joint Economic Committee

Different economic methods are being used to estimate the economic benefits generated by nature (wildlife) tourism. The most prominent of these are economic valuation analysis and economic impact analysis. These methods often provide divergent and conflicting estimates of the economic benefits obtained from wildlife tourism, as is demonstrated in this article by the use of a microeconomic model. Tourism Research Australia has estimated the economic benefits to Australia of nature tourism based on levels of first round expenditure generated by nature tourists in Australia. This is a form of economic impact analysis. These estimates are summarised and it is argued that they exaggerate the level of economic benefits generated by nature tourism. The economic impact of nature tourism can be important at the local or regional level. A way is suggested of measuring these impacts accurately. The conservation consequences of the economic benefits from wildlife tourism are discussed taking into account both their direct and indirect economic impacts. Whether or not increased economic benefits from wildlife tourism contribute to nature conservation depends on several specified circumstances. In conclusion, it is emphasised that organisations and enterprises in the wildlife tourism industry are diverse. Sources of their diversity are identified and the types of economic challenges facing those within the wildlife tourism industry are outlined

A. Szymanski & M. Reich have argued that, contrary to common opinion, white workers are ultimately disadvantaged by discrimination against nonwhites. This thesis is tested with data from larger standard metropolitan statistical areas, using an analytical design similar to Szymanski's. An overall pattern of white gain from discrimination is apparent. Limitations of such cross-sectional studies are discussed. In Response to Riedesel, Albert Szymanski (University of Oregon, Eugene) maintains that Riedesel's use of standard metropolitan statistical areas, instead of states, limits itself to the measurement of intensity of racism only, ignoring the 'potential impact of discrimination.' If results from standard metropolitan statistical areas & states differ it is because the two units 'incorporate significantly different phenomena.' Which results are superior can be judged only in reference to the theory utilized. 3 Tables. E. Goldberger.