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Intro -- Contents -- Preface -- Chapter 1 -- Concentrations of Lead and Other Inorganic Constituents in Samples of Raw Intake and Treated Drinking Water From the Municipal Water Filtration Plant and Residential Tapwater in Chicago, Illinois, and East Chicago, Indiana, July-December 2017* -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Background -- Purpose and Scope -- Methods -- Sampling Site Selection -- Sampling Methods -- Analytical Methods -- National Water Quality Laboratory -- Redox Chemistry Laboratory -- Quality Assurance/Quality Control -- Results -- Chicago and East Chicago Water Filtration Plant Sampling -- Chicago Area Tapwater Sampling -- Discussion -- EPA Guidance on Reducing Pb Exposure in Home Drinking Water -- Conversion Factors -- Data -- Supplemental Information -- References -- Chapter 2 -- Drinking Water Health Standards Comparison and Chemical Analysis of Groundwater for 72 Domestic Wells in Bradford County, Pennsylvania, 2016( -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Purpose and Scope -- Description of Study Area -- Study Methods -- Selection of Sampling Locations -- Collection and Analysis of Samples -- Graphical and Statistical Analyses -- Quality Assurance and Quality Control -- Groundwater Quality and Comparison to Drinking Water Health Standards -- Physical and Chemical Properties -- Major Ions -- Nutrients -- Bacteria -- Metals and Trace Elements -- Radionuclides -- Dissolved Methane and Other Naturally Occurring Hydrocarbon Gases -- Man-Made Organic Compounds -- Chemical Analysis and Relations among Constituents in Groundwater -- Conceptual Hydrogeochemical Model -- Relations among pH, Specific Conductance, and Constituent Concentrations -- Ionic Contributions to Conductivity and Total Dissolved Solids -- Correlations among Major and Trace Constituents in Groundwater.

Cover -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Table of Contents -- Acknowledgements -- Authors -- List of figures -- List of tables -- 1 Properties of water -- 2 London drinking: historical transformations of water -- 3 Configuring bottled water in Europe -- 4 Divided Delhi: bricolage water economies and sustainability crises -- 5 Mexico City: up in the sky without a river -- 6 Taiwan water: little island, waves of power -- 7 Water variations -- Bibliography -- Index.

The provision of safe drinking water (DW) is a top priority issue in any civilized society. Safe DW is a basic need to human development, health and well-being. The main challenge to the DW industry is to deliver a product that is microbiologically and chemically safe, aesthetically pleasing and adequate in quantity and delivery pressure. Normally, the water that leaves a treatment station has quality, but its quality decreases along the travel in the drinking water distribution systems (DWDS). Water industries and governments over the world are working together in order to improve DW quality through the effective treatment, monitoring of its physicochemical and microbiological properties, and the design and the operational management of the distribution networks. Although DW is strictly monitored in developed countries, waterborne outbreaks are still being reported due to microbial contamination. Biofilms contribute notoriously to these events, creating a protective and nutritional reservoir for pathogens growth and survival. Nevertheless, the dynamics of microbial growth in DW networks is very complex, as a large number of interacting processes (physicochemical and biological) are involved. DW biofilms constitute one of the major microbial problems in DWDS that most contributes to the deterioration of water quality. Although biofilm elimination from DWDS is almost impossible, several aspects can be manipulated in order to prevent and control their growth. This book chapter provides a contribution to better understand the important biological and ecological mechanisms involved in biofilm formation in DWDS, with intent to control and prevent their formation, in order to improve DW quality that reaches to consumer's ...

Arsenic in Drinking Water -- Copyright -- Other Reports of the Board on Environmental Studies and Toxicology -- Preface -- Contents -- Executive Summary -- THE CHARGE TO THE SUBCOMMITTEE -- THE SUBCOMMITTEE'S APPROACH TO ITS CHARGE -- THE SUBCOMMITTEE'S EVALUATION -- Health Effects -- Recommendations -- Disposition (Absorption, Distribution, Metabolism, and Excretion) -- Recommendations -- Mechanism or Mode of Action -- Recommendations -- Variation in Human Sensitivity -- Recommendations -- Other Considerations -- Recommendations -- RISK CHARACTERIZATION -- Recommendations -- 1 Introduction -- BACKGROUND -- SCIENTIFIC CONTROVERSIES -- ORGANIZATION OF THIS REPORT -- REFERENCES -- 2 The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's 1988 Risk Assessment for Arsenic -- OVERVIEW OF THE EPA 1988 SPECIAL REPORT -- Hazard Identification -- Dose-Response Assessment -- Nutritional Essentiality -- EPA'S 1988 RISK ASSESSMENT: 10 YEARS LATER -- Data Limitations -- Estimating Risk in the United States -- SUMMARY -- REFERENCES -- 3 Chemistry and Analysis of Arsenic Species in Water, Food, Urine, Blood, Hair, and Nails -- SUMMARY OF ARSENIC COMPOUNDS IN WATER AND FOOD -- RELEVANT CHEMICAL CONSIDERATIONS -- Is Arsenic Similar to Phosphorus? -- Affinity Of Arsenic For Sulfur -- Biomethylation of Arsenic -- Some Geo-chemical Considerations: Absorption and Redox -- Microbial Activity and Arsenic Mobilization -- Free Radical and Peroxy Species -- ANALYSIS OF ARSENIC COMPOUNDS -- Hydride Generation with Speciation -- Hidden Arsenic Species -- Arsenic(III) Species -- Chromatographic Separation of Involatile Arsenic Species -- Mass Spectrometry for Arsenic Speciation -- ARSENIC IN WATER -- Arsenic in Groundwater -- Arsenic in Fresh Surface Water -- Arsenic in Estuarine Water -- Practical Quantification Level for Arsenic in Drinking Water -- ARSENIC IN FOOD.

Drinking Water and Health: Volume 5 -- Copyright -- List of Participants -- Preface -- Contents -- I Introduction -- REFERENCES -- II Toxicity of Selected Contaminants in Drinking Water -- ALDICARB -- Metabolism -- Health Aspects -- Observations in Humans -- Observations in Other Species -- Conclusions and Recommendations -- Suggested No-Adverse-Response Level (SNARL) -- CARBOFURAN -- Metabolism -- Health Aspects -- Observations in Humans -- Observations in Other Species -- Conclusions and Recommendations -- CARBON TETRACHLORIDE -- Metabolism -- Health Aspects -- Observations in Humans -- Observations in Other Species -- Conclusions and Recommendations -- CHLOROBENZENE -- Metabolism -- Health Aspects -- Observations in Humans -- Observations in Other Species -- Conclusions and Recommendations -- O-DICHLOROBENZENE -- Metabolism -- Health Aspects -- Observations in Humans -- Observations in Other Species -- Conclusions and Recommendations -- Suggested No-Adverse-Response Level (SNARL) -- P-DICHLOROBENZENE -- Metabolism -- Health Effects -- Observations in Humans -- Observations in Other Species -- Conclusions and Recommendations -- 1,2-DICHLOROETHANE -- Metabolism -- Observations in Humans -- Observations in Other Species -- Conclusions and Recommendations -- 1,1-DICHLOROETHYLENE -- Metabolism -- Health Aspects -- Observations in Humans -- Observations in Other Species -- Conclusions and Recommendations -- Suggested No-Adverse-Response Level (SNARL) -- 1,2-DICHLOROETHYLENE -- Metabolism -- Health Aspects -- Observations in Humans -- Observations in Other Species -- Conclusions and Recommendations -- DICHLOROMETHANE -- Metabolism -- Health Aspects -- Observations in Humans -- Observations in Other Species -- Conclusions and Recommendations -- DINOSEB -- Metabolism -- Health Aspects -- Observations in Humans -- Observations in Other Species.