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This article explores how gendered divisions of labour manifest across species lines. It applies a feminist, more-than-human intersectional approach, building on previous work on animal labour. The vital labour donkeys do with and for humans and their contributions to multispecies societies have been under-recognised and under-theorised. Drawing on empirical research conducted in central Ethiopia on the human-donkey relationship, findings reveal the multiple ways human gender and class coalesce to shape the kinds of labour performed and social relations among women, men, and donkeys across urban and rural environments. At the nexus of these intersecting forces, equivalence is drawn, by research participants themselves, between women and donkeys. Women and donkeys are aligned and othered, differentiated from men, a dynamic that results in the feminisation of donkeys and mutual marginalisation of women and donkeys and exposes male violence perpetrated on both groups. The article contributes empirical insights into human-donkey relations and interspecies labour and offers theoretical considerations of more-than-human intersectionality.

This article argues that Theo Farrell's book Unwinnable is a semi-official British Army history of the Afghan war and reflects the 'dominant military narrative'. The book's argument is contradictory, it suggests that NATO was 'learning, adapting and winning' the war but the politicians stabbed the military in the back by withdrawing just as a turning point had been reached in 2009-11. This was Farrell's optimistic analysis when the war was ongoing. But Unwinnable also argues that the war was unwinnable from 2001. This implies that it was the military elite that blundered because of their enthusiasm for the escalation of Britain's involvement in an unwinnable and, therefore, futile war. Unwinnable tries to rescue 'counterinsurgency' by trying to claim, implausibly, that it was only properly implement during 2009-11. Farrell champions the empowerment of the military elite and is unconcerned that the politicians struggled to exert democratic control over the military.

Intro -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Preface -- Chapter One: Origin and History -- Chapter Two: Donkeys in Art, Entertainment, and Politics -- Chapter Three: Breeds and Types -- Chapter Four: Ownership: Housing, Transportation, and Equipment -- Chapter Five: Acquiring a Donkey -- Chapter Six: Health and Care -- Chapter Seven: Working Donkeys -- Chapter Eight: Pleasure Donkeys -- Chapter Nine: Showing Your Donkey -- Chapter Ten: Breeding -- Chapter Eleven: Training a Donkey -- Resources -- Glossary -- Bibliography -- Index -- About the Author.

Brazil is the eighth largest exporter of equidae meat in the world. Most donkey meat is obtained from discarded animals, raising concerns about their health status, particularly regarding zoonotic infections such as leptospirosis. Thus, this study aimed to determine the frequency of anti-Leptospira sp. antibodies in Northeastern donkeys at two properties specializing in producing donkeys for slaughter and export to the Chinese market, in the municipalities of Parnamirim (A) and Araripina (B), both located in the mesoregion of the Sertão of Pernambuco, Northeastern Brazil. The serum of 349 donkeys was collected, including 147 males and 202 females, aged 3 to 12 years. All animals were subjected to the Microscopic Agglutination Test (MAT) using a cut-off point of 1:50. A total of 19.8% seropositive animals were obtained. The Icterohaemorrhagiae serogroup was the most found in this study (40.6%), followed by Australis (27.5%), Autumnalis (8.7%), Sejroe (8.7%), Pomona (8.7%), Celledoni (2.9%), and Tarassovi (2.9%). A higher overall rate of seropositivity was found in donkeys from property B (2.2.4%) in the municipality of Araripina. In the association analysis, it was observed that animals less than 9 years of age were more likely to be seropositive, this may be due to the acquisition of resistance to Leptospira sp. as age advances. A significant number of donkeys seropositive for Leptospira sp. was found, thus, breeding these animals for slaughter and export requires implementing prophylactic measures.

There is an increasing interest in donkey farming in Italy, because of the use of donkey milk to feed children affected by Cow's Milk Protein Allergy. Limited information is available about the management characteristics of dairy donkeys' facilities, as well as concerning the assessment of the animal welfare. Considering the lack of information, recommendations and a welfare specific legislation on the farming of this species, the aim of this study was to highlight possible critical aspects of this farm system and to assess animal welfare. During each on-farm visit, a check list was fulfilled according to a designed specific score for: good housing and management (bedding quality, regular health checks, foot care, control of insects and rodents, weaning process, milking procedures), good nutritional status (BCS and water provisions), good health (integument cleanliness, injuries, fecal quality, lameness, swollen joints, signs of teeth abnormalities, udder and teat hygiene), behavior (stereotypies). Descriptive statistic of the observed parameters was calculate. A total of 6 dairy donkey farms located in north-western Italy were visited during2013 and 2014. The number of donkeys per facility ranged from 40 to 60; of a total of 206 females, 62 were lactating and 144 were dry jennies, aged between 36 and 48 months. A total of 6 stallions and 67 foals lived on the farms. The animals were kept on pasture with shelters during the day and stabled in pen during the night. They were grouped according to their production, with the exception of one farm where they remained all together on pasture. The visited farms were family run, only two farms had employees. The number of donkeys cared for by a single person varied from 5 to 103 animals. As far as good housing is concerned, straw bedding quality (depth and hygiene) was adequate in all farms. The bedding was changed with a frequency up to 4 times per month. The cleaning of the troughs and of the farm in general (walls and floors) was given a medium score. Regular health checks were provided. Antiparasitic treatments were administered in all farms and measures to control insects and rodents adopted. For the milking procedures, foals were separated from their mothers four (N=1) six (N=3) or 10 hours (N=2) before milking. When separated, they could see or hear the mother. No farms used artificial milk; therefore, the foals received colostrum from and were nursed by their mother during 6- 12 months. Additional feed was introduced between 0 and 12 months. The milking parlour was present in 4 farms, and all the farmers adopted a method of cleaning and disinfection of the teats. The average milk production was 1 litre for 1 daily milking. Forty per cent of the donkeys showed a good body condition score (BCS = 3), a consequence of appropriate nutrition. In 4 farms the animals were provided with hay ad libitum, and complementary feedstuffs; only one farmer provided minerals and vitamins; all the animals showed no changes in colour or consistency of the manure. Concerning good health indicators, all donkeys were judged clean, more than 90% had no swollen joints, lameness, signs of teeth abnormalities. No animal showed any stereotypies. In conclusion, the dairy donkeys farms surveyed in North-Western Italy showed a good level of animal well-being.

The Libertarian Party / Christopher Devine -- The Green Party of the United States / Steve Lem -- The American Constitution Party / Edward Lynch -- The New York and Connecticut Working Families Party / Bilal Sekou -- Peace and Freedom Party (California) / Joseph Biaggio Phillips -- Third parties in Vermont / Bertram Johnson -- New York State's "multi+" party system / Gerald Benjamin and Michael Catalano -- Independence Party of Minnesota / Melanie Freeze -- Independent Party of Oregon / Richard A. Clucas -- Mountain Party (West Virginia) / Damien Arthur -- Moderate Party of Rhode Island / Emily K. Lynch -- United Utah Party / Richard Davis.

Cover -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Table of Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- Part One: National and Multistate Parties -- 1. The Libertarian Party -- 2. The Green Party of the United States -- 3. The American Constitution Party -- 4. The New York and Connecticut Working Families Party -- Part Two: State Parties -- 5. The Peace and Freedom Party of California -- 6. Third Parties in Vermont -- 7. New York State's "Multi+" Party System -- 8. The Independence Party of Minnesota -- 9. The Independent Party of Oregon -- 10. The Mountain Party of West Virginia -- 11. The Moderate Pary of Rhode Island -- 12. The United Utah Party -- About the Contributors -- Index -- Back Cover.