Suchergebnisse

Agriculture is an urgent and vital problem for developing countries, and even more so for the poorest countries that are often dependent on a very small set of commodities, many of which are highly subsidized and protected in the OECD countries. The Uruguay Round brought agriculture into the WTO legal framework, but did not lower the effective level of OECD farm protection after 1995 and granted many exceptions to WTO rules that reinforced agricultural protection. While there are a number of diverging forces that are potential sources of change in the levels and patterns of agricultural protection, the recent farm policies adopted by the U.S. and EU reflect an absence of significant domestic reform and appear to be going in the wrong direction (.).

Agriculture is an urgent and vital problem for developing countries, and even more so for the poorest countries that are often dependent on a very small set of commodities, many of which are highly subsidized and protected in the OECD countries. The Uruguay Round brought agriculture into the WTO legal framework, but did not lower the effective level of OECD farm protection after 1995 and granted many exceptions to WTO rules that reinforced agricultural protection. While there are a number of diverging forces that are potential sources of change in the levels and patterns of agricultural protection, the recent farm policies adopted by the U.S. and EU reflect an absence of significant domestic reform and appear to be going in the wrong direction (.).

Protections for vulnerable developing countries could be lost if a Doha failure leads more powerful nations to devalue the WTO's role in governing trade.

Cover -- Contents -- Preface -- Acknowledgments -- Chapter 1 Overview -- United States -- European Union -- Japan -- Brazil, India, and China -- Comparing Gains for Developed and Developing Countries -- Appendix 1A -- Chapter 2 Agriculture and Nonagricultural Market Access -- Results for Agriculture -- Results for Nonagricultural Market Access -- Appendix 2A -- Chapter 3 Topping up the Doha Package -- Services -- Chemicals -- Information Technology and Electronics/Electrical Goods -- Environmental Goods -- Trade Facilitation -- Chapter 4 Conclusion -- Appendix A Methodology for Reciprocity Measure and GDP Gains -- Appendix B Services -- Appendix C Chemicals -- Appendix D Information Technology and Electronics/Electrical Goods -- Appendix E Environmental Goods -- Appendix F Trade Facilitation -- Appendix G Measuring Trade Distortions -- References -- Index.