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Trade liberalization in disinflation
In: Discussion paper series 832
SSRN
Disinflation in Transition Economics
In: Comparative economic studies, Band 47, Heft 4, S. 698-701
ISSN: 1478-3320
SSRN
Working paper
Disinflation trotz Mehrwertsteuererhöhung 1998
Trotz verschiedener Angebotsschocks, die tendenziell einen Preisniveauschub erzeugen, war der Anstieg des Preisindex der Lebenshaltung in der Bundesrepublik 1997 niedrig und blieb mit 1,8 vH im mittleren Bereich der von der Bundesbank anvisierten Inflationsspanne. In diesem Jahr wird sich der Anstieg des Preisniveaus trotz der Mehrwertsteuererhöhung nicht beschleunigen, sondern verlangsamen. Ausschlaggebend sind die erneut sinkenden Lohnstückkosten infolge eines Zurückbleibens der Lohnentwicklung hinter dem Produktivitätszuwachs. Der daraus resultierende Anstieg der internationalen Wettbewerbsfähigkeit ist stärker, als durch die Inflationsdifferenz gegenüber dem Ausland angezeigt ist, weil die Mehrwertsteuer, die sich 1998 mit etwa 0,3 Prozentpunkten auf den Preisniveauanstieg niederschlägt, nicht auf Exportgüter, wohl aber auf Importgüter erhoben wird. Trotz der Abschwächung des Preisniveauanstiegs, einer Disinflation, besteht bei unveränderter Wechselkursentwicklung angesichts der gefestigten Konjunktur im gesamten künftigen Euroraum derzeit kein geldpolitischer Handlungsbedarf. In den neuen Ländern wurde der Anstieg des Preisindex der Lebenshaltungskosten 1997 stärker von den Sonderfaktoren beeinflußt, die auch die westdeutsche Entwicklung prägten. Insbesondere der Anstieg der administrierten Preise bewirkte, daß das Preisniveau hier mit 2,1 vH deutlich kräftiger stieg. In diesem Jahr ist eine weitere Angleichung der Preisniveauentwicklung zu erwarten. Da die Mehrwertsteuererhöhung in Ostdeutschland etwas stärker zu Buche schlägt, wird der Anstieg des Preisindex für die Lebenshaltung jedoch leicht über der westdeutschen Rate liegen.
BASE
Three great American disinflations
In this paper, we examine three famous episodes of deliberate deflation (or disinflation) in U.S. history, including episodes following the Civil War, World War I, and the Volcker disinflation of the early 1980s. These episodes were associated with widely divergent effects on the real economy, which we attribute both to differences in the policy actions undertaken, and to the transparency and credibility of the monetary authorities. We attempt to account for the salient features of each episode within the context of a stylized DSGE model. Our model simulations indicate how a more predictable policy of gradual deflation could have helped avoid the sharp post-WWI depression. But our analysis also suggests that the strong argument for gradualism under a transparent monetary regime becomes less persuasive if the monetary authority lacks credibility; in this case, an aggressive policy stance (as under Volcker) can play a useful signalling role by making a policy shift more apparent to private agents.
BASE
Inflation and Disinflation in Turkey
Based on its outward-oriented development strategy, respectable growth, increased integration into world trade and financial markets, and imperfect though vibrant and wide-based democracy, Turkey is often cited as a development model for other countries in the region and elsewhere. Countering this positive picture of the Turkish economy over the last two decades, however, is the incompleteness of its reform process: the boom-bust nature of its growth, persistently high inflation, delays in privatising state-owned enterprises, and high and persistent government budget deficits. In January 2000 Turkey embarked on an ambitious IMF-backed stabilization program designed to correct the weaknesses in its economy, and, in particular, to reduce inflation to single digits by the end of 2002. Since then, though, Turkey has experienced two financial crises and redesigned its stabilization program to bring inflation down more gradually. This collection analyzes the nature of Turkey's inflation and the likely costs and benefits of disinflation.
BASE
Three great American disinflations
In: NBER working paper series 12982
This paper analyzes the role of transparency and credibility in accounting for the widely divergent macroeconomic effects of three episodes of deliberate monetary contraction: the post-Civil War deflation, the post-WWI deflation, and the Volcker disinflation. Using a dynamic general equilibrium model in which private agents use optimal filtering to infer the central bank's nominal anchor, we demonstrate that the salient features of these three historical episodes can be explained by differences in the design and transparency of monetary policy, even without any time variation in economic structure or model parameters. For a policy regime with relatively high credibility, our analysis highlights the benefits of a gradualist approach (as in the 1870s) rather than a sudden change in policy (as in 1920-21). In contrast, for a policy institution with relatively low credibility (such as the Federal Reserve in late 1980), an aggressive policy stance can play an important signalling role by making the policy shift more evident to private agents.
Inflation, deflation and disinflation
In: Economic issues, problems and perspectives
Disinflation in transition, 1993 - 97
In: Occasional paper 179
In: Issues in transition
World Affairs Online
Disinflation with imperfect credibility
In: Journal of Monetary Economics, Band 35, Heft 1, S. 5-23
The Problem of Disinflation
In: Journal of Contextual Economics – Schmollers Jahrbuch, Band 105, Heft 2–3, S. 123-131
ISSN: 2568-762X