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Digitalization of agriculture is often hailed as the next agricultural revolution. However, little is yet known about its social impacts and power effects. This review addresses this research gap by analyzing patterns of inequality linked to the development and adoption of digital technologies in agriculture and reviewing the strategies developed to reduce these inequalities and challenge the power relations in which they are embedded. Analysis of 84 publications found through a systematic literature review identified five patterns of inequality: (1) in digital technology development ; (2) in the distribution of benefits from the use of digital technologies ; (3) in sovereignty over data, hardware and digital infrastructure ; (4) in skills and knowledge ('digital literacy') ; and (5) in problem definition and problem-solving capacities. This review also highlights the existence of emancipatory initiatives that are applying digital technologies to challenge existing inequalities and to advance alternative visions of agriculture. These initiatives underscore the political nature of digital agriculture ; however, their reach is still quite limited. This is partly due to the fact that existing inequalities are structural and represent expressions of corporate power. From such a perspective, digitalization in agriculture is not a 'revolution' per se ; rather, digital technologies mirror and reproduce existing power relations.

Academic and political debates on the digitalization of agriculture have addressed sustainability mainly from an ecological perspective. Social sustainability, particularly questions of labor, has been largely neglected in the literature thus far. This is particularly problematic since digitalization could fundamentally change farming practices and labor processes on farms, with possibly far-reaching consequences for rural development, rural communities as well as migrant laborers. Looking at the case study of Germany, this article asks how digital technologies are changing labor processes on horticultural and arable farms. The aim of this paper is to bring labor into the debates around agriculture and digitalization and to offer a detailed picture of the impacts of digital technologies on labor in agriculture. The case study builds on fourteen in-depth interviews conducted from June 2020 to March 2021, participant observation, and digital ethnography. The results show new forms of labor control and an intensification of the work process linked to methods of digital Taylorism, as well as risks of working-class fragmentation along age lines. A deskilling of workers or farmers due to digitalization has not been observed. The suggestion of an increased dependency of workers due to the loss of employment opportunities in agriculture is contested. The results stress the importance of designing agricultural policies that foster fair and equitable working conditions. ; Bundesministerium für Bildung, Wissenschaft und Forschung ; Peer Reviewed

The biggest problem in agricultural development lies in human resources. As the results of the 2018 Agricultural Census, the majority of farmers are in the 45-54 year range, which is 28%, while the number of young farmers aged less than 25 years is only 1%. Many experts agree that attracting the younger generation to want to farm is through efforts to improve the welfare of farmers. Digital transformation in agriculture is an effort to improve farmers' welfare. The focus of digitization is not only on the upstream part of cultivation (on-farm) but also must be integrated with the downstream part of marketing or off-farm. Digital literacy is an important part of the adoption of digital agriculture. Institutions that play an important role in the development of digital agriculture, namely, the Ministry of Agriculture, the Ministry of Communication and Information, the Ministry of Trade, Research Institutes and Universities and the Private Sector. If theprogress in the fields of technology and science, especially with the implementation of digital agriculture accompanied by government policy support, continues, then based on the projection results, the contribution of the agricultural sector in 2030 will reach 1.662 trillion Rupiah.Keywords: Strategy, digital agriculture, Indonesia, 2030

AbstractDistributed ledger technology applied to Big Data in agriculture presents challenges and opportunities. Opportunities exist to solve decades‐old farm data management problems. Real‐world examples of applying distributed ledger technology to current farm data problems in cotton include (1) yield monitor data quality assurance, (2) sustainability metrics and resource tracking of cotton lint quality data from ginner back to subfield locations, and (3) increasing supply chain coordination by providing more information to warehouse managers. The culmination of the discussion across three aspects of cotton production data is of interest to farmers, researchers, policy makers, and consumers.