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As a matter of policy, Washington is committed to supporting development in impoverished countries, & most Americans believe that it is following through. In fact, U.S. assistance for the world's poorest countries is utterly inadequate. Only a new international development strategy can rectify the situation. Continued failure will be too expensive, for the United States & the world. Adapted from the source document.

Introduction / Anita M. Weiss -- part 1. Economic challenges. Explaining the puzzle of Pakistan's lagging economic growth / Shahrukh Rafi Khan ; Dependency is dead : long live dependency / Aasim Sajjad Akhtar ; Insecurity breeds insecurity / Abid Suleri -- part 2. Challenges of infrastructural transformation. What must be changed in Pakistan's legal system, but how to succeed? / Aitzaz Ahsan ; Political impediments to development / Hassan Askari Rizvi ; Reforming Pakistan's bureaucracy : will the 18th Amendment help? / Saeed Shafqat -- part 3. Challenges of human security. The challenges to social protection : extending exclusion or ending exclusion / Saba Gul Khattak ; "No American, no gun, no BS" : tourism, terrorism and the 18th Amendment / John Mock ; The importance of population policy in Pakistan / Zeba Sathar and Peter C. Miller ; Religion and development challenges in Pakistan / Muhammad Khalid Masud ; Faith-based vs rights-based development for Pakistani women / Afiya Shehrbano Zia -- part 4. Ongoing challenges of militancy, insecurity and political paths. Gendered peripheries : structuring the nation, the state and consensus in Pakistan / Nazish Brohi ; Pakistan's political development : will the future be like the past? / Ashley J. Tellis ; The intersection between development, politics and security : the case of Pakistan / Moeed Yusuf

This series of books brings together results of an extensive research programme on aspects of the national systems of innovation (NSI) in the five BRICS countries - Brazil, Russia, India, China, and South Africa. It provides a comprehensive and comparative examination of the challenges and opportunities faced by these dynamic and emerging economies. In discussing the impact of innovation with respect to economic, geopolitical, socio-cultural, institutional, and technological systems, it reveals the possibilities of new development paradigms for equitable and sustainable growth. This volume analyses the co-evolution of inequality and NSI across the BRICS economies. It reveals the multi-dimensional character of inequality, in going beyond its income aspect to include assets, access to basic services, infrastructure, knowledge, race, gender, ethnicity and geographic location. In advancing valuable policy recommendations, the book argues that inequalities must be factored in development strategies given that benefits of innovation are not automatically distributed equally. Original and detailed data, together with expert analyses on wide-ranging issues, make this book an invaluable resource for researchers and scholars in economics, development studies and political science, in addition to policy-makers and development practitioners interested in the BRICS countries.

The main threat to the economic development of Poland is the danger of overlapping of two processes – the decline in the growth of the working age population and the outflow of young, talented and educated people to richer countries. Therefore, the most important goal of the economic policy should be rapid making up the gap to the average EU level. This can be impeded by the current state of public finances, due to high level of debt. Moreo-ver, there are also other factors, which under certain conditions, may lead to a cumulative negative effect, which in turn would threaten the financial stability of the budget. At the same time, the bases of competitiveness of the economy gradually expire, which requires transition to the competition of a qualitative nature. According to the Author, an oppor-tunity to avoid the threat is to use the global market more extensively.
He suggests public innovation in a form of the so-called smart company incubators.