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Cover -- Half Title -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Original Title Page -- Original Copyright Page -- Table of Contents -- List of Tables -- Chapter I: Overview -- The Pivotal Role of Saudi Arabia -- The West and Problem of U.S. Domestic Politics -- The Saudi Arms Requests of 1985 and 1986 -- The Cost of "Taking Sides -- The Importance of Close Strategic Relations -- The Cost of "Taking Sides" to Israel -- Impact on Western Power Projection Capabilities in the Gulf -- Preserving the Proper Balance in Western Strategic Relations -- Chapter II: Western Strategic Interests in Saudi Arabia -- The Historical Background -- The Changing Forces Shaping Saudi Relations With the West -- The Impact of Saudi Oil -- The Impact of Western and Saudi Trade Relations -- The Impact of Saudi Aid and Capital -- The Role of Saudi Arabia in the Gulf Cooperation Council -- The Broader Role of Saudi Arabia in Regional Affairs -- The Arab-Israeli Peace Issue -- Chapter III: Saudi Arabia and Western Power Projection Capabilities -- Turkey -- France -- United Kingdom -- United States -- The Impact of Saudi Bases -- Chapter IV: Regional Threats and the Military Build-Up in the Gulf -- Broad Patterns in the Regional Arms Race -- The Impact of Technology Transfer -- The Problem of Conventional Proliferation -- The Impact of New Soviet Systems -- The Soviet Military Threat -- Soviet Arms Sales and Advisory Efforts -- The Northern Gulf Threat -- The Red Sea Threat -- The YAR and PDRY -- Ethiopia -- The Sudan -- The Military Trends in the Red Sea Area -- Instability in Saudi Arabia's Western Border Area -- Egypt and Jordan -- Syria -- Libya and Radical Threats -- The Vulnerability of the Gulf Cooperation States -- Bahrain -- Kuwait -- Oman -- Qatar -- The United Arab Emirates -- The Impact of Cumulative Instability Within the GCC -- The 360° Threat.

Saudi Arabia has since the beginning of the 1990s, despite the autocratic character of the regime, witnessed political activities that, while not directly questioning the Islamic base of the country's identity, have called for changes in the manner in which the state is governed. The study analyses petitions to the King and other actions undertaken by the opposition demanding reforms as well as responses of the authorities, which in effect led to the broadening of the political participation of the Saudis, culminating in municipal elections in 2005. Impact of international events on the political situation inside the Kingdom, like 9/11 and the Iraqi war, is also examined.

Cover -- CONTENTS -- FISCAL FRAMEWORKS AND FISCAL ANCHORS: THE EXPERIENCES IN COMMODITY EXPORTING COUNTRIES AND IMPLICATIONS FOR SAUDI ARABIA -- A. Introduction -- B. Resource Rich Countries' Experiences with Fiscal Rules -- C. Institutional Considerations: What is Required Versus What Is There? -- D. Thinking About A Fiscal Rule In Saudi Arabia -- E. Conclusion -- Rererences -- BOX -- 1. Fiscal Strategic Planning -- FIGURES -- 1. Oil Price, Revenues, and Expenditures -- 2. Options for a Long-Term Fiscal Anchor -- 3. Options for Fiscal Buffers -- 4. An Illustration of a Deficit Rule -- 5. An Illustration of an Expenditure Rule -- TABLES -- 1. Output, Government Spending, and Inflation -- 2. Operational Fiscal Rules -- ANNEXES -- I. Fiscal Anchors and Rules in Selected Resource Rich Countries -- II. Assumptions for Computing the Long-Term Fiscal Anchors -- THE ECONOMIC IMPACT OF POLICIES TO BOOST THE EMPLOYMENT OF SAUDI NATIONALS -- A. Background -- B. Structure of the Labor Market -- C. Recent Labor Market Policies -- D. Assessing the Impact of Labor Market Policies on the Economy -- E. Conclusion and Policy Recommendations -- References -- FIGURES -- 1. Unemployment -- 2. Saudi Working Age Population and Labor Force Under Different Scenarios -- 3. Employment and Wages -- 4. Labor Force Participation by Gender and Age, 2017 -- 5. Skills Mismatches -- 6. Education and Outcomes -- 7. Expatriate Levy Scenarios (Cumulative Impact) -- 8. Increased Female Labor Force Participation Scenario -- 9. Saudization Scenarios -- ANNEX -- I. G20MOD -- HOW DEVELOPED AND INCLUSIVE IS THE FINANCIAL SECTOR IN SAUDI ARABIA? -- A. Background -- B. Structure of the Financial System -- C. Benchmarking Saudi Arabia's Level of Financial Development and Inclusion -- D. Government Initiatives -- E. Policy Recommendations -- References -- BOXES.

Cover -- CONTENTS -- FISCAL ADJUSTMENT-SCOPE AND PACE -- A. Introduction -- B. Fiscal Space Analysis -- C. Fiscal Anchors for Resource Rich Countries -- D. Conclusions -- References -- BOX -- 1. Fiscal Adjustment Experience in the 1980s and 1990s -- FIGURES -- 1. Evolution in Government Spending (2004-16) -- 2. International Bond Yields -- 3. Baseline, Fiscal Expansionary, and Oil Price Shock Scenarios -- 4. Structural Balance Estimates -- 5. Projected and Sustainable Non-oil Primary Deficit -- TABLES -- 1. Initial Macroeconomic Conditions -- 2. Initial Structural Conditions -- 3. Financing Sources and Availability -- 4. Debt Dynamics -- 5. Fiscal Space Under Expansionary Fiscal Scenario -- 6. Overall, Non-oil, and Structural Fiscal Balances -- WHY HAS INFLATION DECLINED IN SAUDI ARABIA? -- A. Introduction -- B. Inflation in Saudi Arabia -- C. Estimating the Determinants of Inflation -- D. Results -- E. Conclusions -- References -- FIGURES -- 1. Recent Inflation Developments -- 2. Drivers of Inflation in Saudi Arabia -- 3. Historical Fit Between Actual and Model Predicted Inflation -- TABLE -- 1. Vector Error Correction Estimates: Determinants of Inflation -- APPENDICES -- I. Literature Table -- II. Measuring the Output Gap -- III. Determinants of Core Inflation -- APPENDIX TABLES -- 1. Various Methods Were Employed to Calculate Potential GDP -- 2. Vector Error Correction Estimates: Determinants of Core Inflation.

KEY ISSUESContext. Saudi Arabia's economy has grown very strongly in recent years, benefittingfrom high oil prices and output, strong private sector activity, and government spending. It has played a systemic and stabilizing role in the global oil market. The economy has not been affected by the recent global financial market volatility. The Saudi population is young, growing, and increasingly well educated.Outlook and risks. The near term economic outlook is positive. Oil production is expected to be little changed from 2013, while non-oil growth will be underpinned by strong private sector a

Beispiele für die in Saudi-Arabien vollbrachten Industrialisierungsanstrengungen und neuen Möglichkeiten für den Privatsektor (Stahl, Elektrotechnik, Petrochemie; Charakterisierung der Agrarrevolution, Probleme auf dem Bank- und Kapitalmarkt; Ausbau des Eisenbahnnetzes und des Flugverkehrs; neue Technologie-Horizonte)

Sonderbericht über die wirtschaftliche Situation in Saudi-Arabien mit einem Überblick über die Ziele des laufenden Fünfjahresplans, über die Lage auf dem Industriesektor, über die Entwicklung in der Petrochemie und auf dem Gebiet der Landwirtschaft sowie im Luftverkehr. (DÜI-Sdt)

Sonderheft über die wirtschaftliche Entwicklung Saudi-Arabiens mit Berichten über Industrie, Handel und Diplomatie, Land- und Energiewirtschaft; Infrastruktur und Gesundheitswesen sowie die wirtschaftlichen Beziehungen zur Bundesrepublik und der Türkei, die Entwicklung in der Eastern Province; zum Abschluß Darstellung der Ziele des vierten Entwicklungsplans und Tips für Geschäftsleute. (DÜI-Sdt)