Suchergebnisse

Cover -- Abkürzungsverzeichnis -- Kapitel 1: Einleitung und Gang der Untersuchung -- Kapitel 2: Grundlagen -- A. Begriff des Demand Side Managements -- I. Begrifflichkeit -- II. Negativabgrenzung -- 1. Eingriffe auf Erzeugerseite -- 2. Maßnahmen mit Doppelfunktion -- 3. Finanziell nicht vergütete Maßnahmen -- III. Formen des Demand Side Managements -- 1. Demand Side Management der Großverbraucher aus Industrie und Gewerbe -- a. Internes Lastmanagement -- b. Externes Lastmanagement -- 2. Demand Side Management der Kleinabnehmer -- a. Internes Lastmanagement -- b. Externes Lastmanagement -- 3. Demand Side Management im engeren und weiteren Sinn -- IV. Demand Side Management und Demand Response -- B. Einordnung des Demand Side Managements in das System des Energierechts -- I. Maßnahme des Engpassmanagements -- II. Energieeffizienzmaßnahme im weitesten Sinn -- Kapitel 3: Regulatorische Vorgaben für das externe Demand Side Management von Großverbrauchern -- A. Unionsrechtliche Anforderungen -- I. Primärrecht -- 1. Beihilfenrecht -- a. Begünstigung im Sinne des Art. 107 Abs. 1 AEUV -- aa. Allgemeine Anforderungen an die Begünstigung nach Art. 107 Abs. 1 AEUV -- bb. Vermutung fehlender Beihilfeneigenschaft infolge Ausschreibung -- cc. Keine Marktüblichkeit infolge Beschränkung der Ausschreibung -- b. Beihilfe aus staatlichen Mitteln gewährt -- 2. Grundfreiheiten -- a. Anwendbare Grundfreiheiten -- b. Eingriff in die Warenverkehrsfreiheit -- c. Eingriff in die Dienstleistungsfreiheit -- 3. Bewertung -- II. Sekundärrecht -- 1. Infrastrukturinvestitionsrichtlinie 2005/89/EG -- a. Allgemeine Anforderungen an das Demand Side Management -- b. Mittelbar relevante Anforderungen an das Demand Side Management -- 2. Elektrizitätsbinnenmarktrichtlinie 2009/72/EG -- a. Allgemeine Anforderungen an das Demand Side Management

The South Carolina Energy Conservation and Efficiency Act of 1992 requires all utilities to report their demand-side activities. The intent of the legislation was to encourage the implementation of additional DSM activities. The objective of this report is to summarize the DSM activities of those utilities that contributed such information and to place these activities in context by providing a basic system and pricing overview.

The South Carolina Energy Conservation and Efficiency Act of 1992 requires all utilities to report their demand-side activities.The intent of the legislation was to encourage the implementation of additional DSM activities. The objective of this report is to summarize the DSM activities of those utilities that contributed such information and to place these activities in context by providing a basic system and pricing overview.

The South Carolina Energy Conservation and Efficiency Act of 1992 requires all utilities to report their demand-side activities.The intent of the legislation was to encourage the implementation of additional DSM activities. The objective of this report is to summarize the DSM activities of those utilities that contributed such information and to place these activities in context by providing a basic system and pricing overview.

The South Carolina Energy Conservation and Efficiency Act of 1992 requires all utilities to report their demand-side activities. The intent of the legislation was to encourage the implementation of additional DSM activities. The objective of this report is to summarize the DSM activities of those utilities that contributed such information and to place these activities in context by providing a basic system and pricing overview.

Demand‐Side Management (DSM) improves load factors and energy efficiency and reduces emissions. DSM methods are understood in the United States, but using DSM in Poland poses problems related to constraints in the power sector and the economic environment. This paper discusses the reorganization of the Polish energy sector and Polish energy policy during in the transition since 1989 and discusses the obstacles to implementing DSM programs.

Energy-efficiency projects were expected to constitute an important project type under the Clean Development Mechanism (CDM). In South Africa, there is significant potential for energy savings in several sectors. The savings possible in industry have been demonstrated through plant-level energy audits, measurement and verification of Eskom's Demand Side Management (DSM) programme and national energy modelling. Enabling policy for energy efficiency and demand-side management has been adopted by government and the utility, Eskom. A dedicated National Energy Efficiency Agency (NEEA) was established in 2006. Yet, energy-efficiency still fails to realise its potential. The paper seeks to dispel the misconception that energy efficiency projects might not be 'additional' under the CDM. Analysis of barriers, which is well understood by those dealing with energy efficiency, can be used to demonstrate additionality. A standard tool for demonstrating additionality is now available, as are baseline methodologies for both large and small-scale CDM projects. It should, therefore, be clear that energy efficiency projects are not a priori ruled out as non-additional. Each project has to demonstrate additionality, as for any other project type. Finances are available from various sources, and the CDM can offer further funding for initial costs, or in removing the barriers to energy-efficiency projects. Internationally, energy efficiency initially did not account for large numbers of CDM projects, nor a major share of carbon credits. With the recent growth in CDM projects, however, the numbers of energy-efficiency projects are increasing internationally. In South Africa, analysis of the emerging CDM portfolio shows that energy-efficiency projects are much better represented at the concept stage than in fully designed CDM projects. The major elements for implementing energy efficiency projects exist – dedicated institutions, enabling policy frameworks, approved methodologies and even an electricity crisis to raise awareness. Funding is available from various sources, and the CDM can offer further funding for initial costs or in removing the barriers to energy-efficiency projects. The CDM rules should soon allow for registration of entire programmes, which could include energy efficiency standards or demand-side management. Innovative financing solutions such as clean energy lending can assist as well. All that seems to be needed is a concerted effort to realise the potential. Such efforts could be driven by the Designated National Authority or the National Energy Efficiency Agency. Together with initiatives from the private sector, a dedicated effort might help South Africa find a clear route for energy-efficiency projects under the CDM in South Africa.

"GAO-02-301." ; "March 2002." ; Cover title. ; Mode of access: Internet.

Demand-Side Peer-to-Peer Energy Trading provides a comprehensive study of the latest developments in technology, protocols, implementation, and application of peer-to-peer and transactive energy concepts in energy systems and their role in worldwide energy evolution and decarbonization efforts. It presents practical aspects and approaches with evidence from applications to real-world energy systems through in-depth technical discussions, use cases, and examples. This multidisciplinary reference is suitable for researchers and industry stakeholders who focus on the field of energy systems and energy economics, as well as researchers and developers from different branches of engineering, energy, computer sciences, data, economic, and operation research fields. Offers a multidisciplinary look at peer-to-peer and transactive energy concepts; Presents state-of-the-art technical developments; Includes use cases with an emphasis on worldwide application.

Electrical energy is playing an important role in our day-to-day life. The burden on utility is increasing continuously due to huge utilization of electrical energy thereby utilities are suffering from peak shortage. The concept of demand side management can be applied to relieve the utilities from suffering peak load burden. In this paper, a Lowest Tariff Load Shifting (LTLS) approach of DSM is suggested to flatten the load curve as desired by the utilities. Residential and commercial loads are considered for validation of proposed algorithm. The use of DSM techniques can delay the expansion of power system for short duration such as few months or years. This paper produces a flatten load curve by applying LTLS technique of DSM and results demonstrates cost saving and peak load reduction in residential as well as commercial area.