Suchergebnisse

Intro -- Series Preface -- Volume Preface -- Contents -- Managing an International River Basin Towards Water Quality Protection: The Danube Case -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Major Pressures to Water Quality in the Danube River Basin -- 2.1 Organic Pollution -- 2.2 Nutrient Pollution -- 2.3 Hazardous Substances -- 2.4 Hydromorphological Alterations -- 2.5 Sediment Management -- 2.6 Invasive Alien Species -- 2.7 Flood Protection -- 2.8 Navigation -- 2.9 Hydropower -- 2.10 Groundwater Management -- 3 Major Achievements in Protecting and Improving the Water Quality -- 3.1 Cooperation in Implementing WFD in the Danube River Basin -- 3.2 Joint Programme of Measures -- 3.3 Basin-Wide Monitoring and Assessment of the Water Status -- 3.4 The Danube Accident Emergency Warning System -- 3.5 Flood Protection -- 3.6 Navigation -- 3.7 Hydropower -- 4 Conclusions -- References -- Part I: Chemical Pollution -- Nutrient Management in the Danube River Basin -- 1 Introduction -- 1.1 Need for Nutrient Management in the Danube River Basin -- 1.2 Policy Context -- 2 Nutrient Pollution in the DRB -- 2.1 Identification of Point Nutrient Sources -- 2.2 Diffuse Sources of Nutrients -- 3 Actions to Manage Nutrients in the DRB -- 3.1 Implementation of Nutrient Management Legislation -- 3.2 Implementing Authorities, Funding Opportunities and Monitoring of Implementation -- 4 Conclusions -- References -- Pollution by Nutrients in the Danube Basin -- 1 Introduction -- 1.1 Relevancy of Nutrients in the Danube Basin -- 1.2 Relevancy of Nutrients in the Water Framework Directive -- 2 Methods -- 2.1 Data Collection and Processing -- 2.2 Monitoring Stations -- 2.3 Sampling and Analysis -- 3 Results and Discussion -- 3.1 Spatial Distribution -- 3.2 Comparison of the Long-Term Data (TNMN) with the Investigative Measurements (JDS).

The environmental deterioration of the Danube River basin calls for unprecedented cooperation among the ten riparian and seven non-riparian basin countries, the majority of which are undergoing major economic and political transformations after the breakup of the Soviet Union. This paper discusses the recent legal and institutional developments along with the political hurdles leading to a post-Soviet regime for managing the Danube River and promoting sustainable development in the basin. After reviewing the geography and ecology, the conflicts and political issues of the Danube, the current efforts at building cooperative institutions are discussed. The question whether the Danube will be exclusively the responsibility of the basin countries, will include the Russian Federation and other countries of the Black Sea, or will be the responsibility of pan-European institutions in close connection with the European Union is addressed.

The environmental deterioration of the Danube River basin calls for unprecedented cooperation among the ten riparian and seven non-riparian basin countries, the majority of which are undergoing major economic and political transformations after the breakup of the Soviet Union. This paper discusses the recent legal and institutional developments along with the political hurdles leading to a post-Soviet regime for managing the Danube River and promoting sustainable development in the basin. After reviewing the geography and ecology, the conflicts and political issues of the Danube, the current efforts at building cooperative institutions are discussed. The question whether the Danube will be exclusively the responsibility of the basin countries, will include the Russian Federation and other countries of the Black Sea, or will be the responsibility of pan-European institutions in close connection with the European Union is addressed.

The environmental deterioration of the Danube River basin calls for unprecedented cooperation among the ten riparian and seven non-riparian basin countries, the majority of which are undergoing major economic and political transformations after the breakup of the Soviet Union. This paper discusses the recent legal and institutional developments along with the political hurdles leading to a post-Soviet regime for managing the Danube River and promoting sustainable development in the basin. After reviewing the geography and ecology, the conflicts and political issues of the Danube, the current efforts at building cooperative institutions are discussed. The question whether the Danube will be exclusively the responsibility of the basin countries, will include the Russian Federation and other countries of the Black Sea, or will be the responsibility of pan-European institutions in close connection with the European Union is addressed.

The environmental deterioration of the Danube River basin calls for unprecedented cooperation among the ten riparian and seven non-riparian basin countries, the majority of which are undergoing major economic and political transformations after the breakup of the Soviet Union. This paper discusses the recent legal and institutional developments along with the political hurdles leading to a post-Soviet regime for managing the Danube River and promoting sustainable development in the basin. After reviewing the geography and ecology, the conflicts and political issues of the Danube, the current efforts at building cooperative institutions are discussed. The question whether the Danube will be exclusively the responsibility of the basin countries, will include the Russian Federation and other countries of the Black Sea, or will be the responsibility of pan-European institutions in close connection with the European Union is addressed.

ZusammenfassungSpurenstoffe stellen eine der zentralen Herausforderungen für die Wasserwirtschaft im Donaueinzugsgebiet dar. Der vorliegende Artikel präsentiert das Konzept und einen Überblick zu den Ergebnissen des Projekts Danube Hazard m3c, welches im Rahmen des Interreg-Danube-Transnational-Programms der EU in den Jahren 2020 bis 2023 abgewickelt wurde. Im Zuge des Projekts konnten Spurenstoffkonzentrationen in unterschiedlichen Eintragspfaden und Gewässersystem aus verschiedenen nationalen und internationalen Monitoringprogrammen in einer umfassenden und harmonisierten Datenbank erfasst und diese Datenbasis durch ein gezieltes Monitoring in unterschiedlichen Umweltmedien erweitert werden. Auf diesen Daten aufbauend wurden eine einzugsgebietsweite Emissionsmodellierung umgesetzt und gewonnene Erkenntnisse für abgestimmte Politikempfehlungen genutzt. Trotz zum Teil großer Anstrengungen in Ländern des Donaueinzugsgebiets, den Monitoringerfordernissen der EU-WRRL nachzukommen, zeigen sich bei dem Versuch, die Daten unterschiedlicher Länder in harmonisierter Weise zu erfassen, einige Schwierigkeiten, die dieses Vorhaben behindern. Auch zeigt sich, dass es massiver zusätzlicher Anstrengungen der Donauländer bedürfen wird, um den enormen Herausforderungen gewachsen zu sein, die an ein zukünftiges Spurenstoffmanagement im Lichte vielfältiger Anforderungen und Veränderungen zu stellen sein wird. International abgestimmtes Monitoring, harmonisierte Datenerfassung und einzugsgebietsbezogene Emissionsmodellierung sollten grundlegende Elemente für ein wissensbasiertes Spurenstoffmanagement sein. Maßnahmen zur Verbesserung der Belastungssituation der Gewässer des Donaueinzugsgebiets sollten entsprechend der Hierarchie der Belastungskontrolle konzeptioniert werden. Dies bedeutet Kontrollen beim Einsatz von Spurenstoffen, um deren Freisetzung zu mindern, Kontrollen der Emissionen über technische Einrichtungen der Wasserwirtschaft und Minderung des Transports durch natürliche Barrieren wie z. B. Pufferstreifen.

Water, food and energy are at the core of human needs and there is a boundless complex cycle among these three basic human needs. Ecosystems are in the center of this nexus, since they contribute to the provision of each component, making it imperative to understand the role of ecosystems in securing food, water and energy for human well-being. In this study we aimed to map and assess water provisioning services and associated benefits to support the ecosystem–water–food–energy nexus by taking into account environmental flow requirements for riverine ecosystems using the hydrological model Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT). We developed a framework that includes indicators of renewable water (capacity of ecosystem to provide water) and water use (service flow) and we applied it in the Danube river basin over the period 1995–2004. Water scarcity indicators were used to map the possible water scarcity in the subbasins, and analyze the spatial match of water availability and water use. The results show that modelling is instrumental to perform the integrated analysis of the ecosystem–water–food–energy nexus; and that spatial mapping is a powerful tool to display environmental availability of water provisioning and regulatory services delivered by ecosystems, and can support the nexus analysis.