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Dams are one of the major water sources for irrigation, electricity generation etc.in India. Dams play a vital role since the time of colonialism. Lack of proper dam management system have been causing several losses including the recent flood that struck in Kerala. Inspired by the existing rural and socio-economic problems, an innovative and feasible automatic control system can be developed for dam management purposes. This paper also proposes a novel idea of collecting and sharing real-time information about water levels to the people living nearby its bank. Highly precise water level monitoring system and timely report to the locality is also developed. When the water level crosses the threshold condition, alert messages will be sent to the people and the shutters will open automatically, retaining water to its normal level. Timely warnings to every person living in the locality and timely opening of shutters can thereby reduce the risks of loss of life and prevent disasters. Hence, automation of dam system using Arduino, ultrasonic sensor, GSM module and motor, creates a new eye for both the Government as well as the people in the locality for creating mitigation plans.

This paper evaluates the response of streamflow in a Mediterranean medium-scaled basin under land-use and climate change scenarios and its plausible implication on the management of Boadella–Darnius reservoir (NE Spain). Land cover and climate change scenarios supposed over the next several decades were used to simulate reservoir inflow using the Regional Hydro-Ecologic Simulation System (RHESsys) and to analyze the future impacts on water management (2021–2050). Results reveal a clear decrease in dam inflow (−34%) since the dam was operational from 1971 to 2013. The simulations obtained with RHESsys show a similar decrease (−31%) from 2021 to 2050. Considering the ecological minimum flow outlined by water authorities and the projected decrease in reservoir's inflows, different water management strategies are needed to mitigate the effects of the expected climate change. ; This research was funded by LIFE Programme| EU LIFE (LIFE12ENV/ES/000536). We would like to thank the Spanish Meteorological State Agency (AEMET), the Meteorologica Service of Catalonia (MeteoCat-SMC), and the Agència Catalana del Aigua (ACA) for providing the climatic and streamflow databases used in this study. This work has been supported by research projects: "LIFE12 ENV/ES/000536-Demonstration and validation of innovative methodology for regional climate change adaptation in the Mediterranean area (LIFE MEDACC)", financed by the LIFE programme of the European Commission; PCIN-2015-220 and CGL2014-52135-C03-01, financed by the Spanish Commission of Science and Technology and FEDER; IMDROFLOOD, financed by the Water Works 2014, INDECIS, which is part of ERA4CS, an ERA-NET initiated by JPI Climate and also funded by FORMAS (Sweden), DLR(Germany), BMWFW(Austria), IFD (Denmark), MINECO(Spain), and ANR (France), with co-funding by the European Union (Grant 690462). ; Peer reviewed

Introduction -- Two Recent Catastrophic Tailing Dams Accidents -- Examples of Recent Catastrophic Hydro-Dam Accidents -- Historic Failures "Statistics" -- What the Public Wants; Public Reactions -- Justifying the Need for new Approaches -- Let's start with some serious Don'ts! -- System Definition -- Hazard Identification -- Defining Probabilities of Events -- Dam Stability Failures -- Consequences -- Tolerance and Acceptability -- Risk Assessment for the Twenty-First Century -- Risk-Informed Decision Making

Small dams play an important role in the provision of many kinds of benefits, such as drinking and irrigation water supply, flood control, small/mini hydropower generation, fishing, and so on. They are particularly important in rural and agricultural areas. Agriculture remains an engine of rural growth and poverty reduction in developing countries. Agricultural water management (AWM) can change the lives of millions of people by improving yields, reducing risks linked to climate variability, and increasing income for farmers. The demand for water storage is increasing as farmers and rural communities are more frequently facing water shortages for their crops and livestock. This demand is in part driven by climate change and increasing variability and scarcity observed around the globe. This note provides some lessons on how to address the challenges of small dam management with participation of community groups and effective government support for them.

As there has been a continued increase in the demand for higher levels of safety, security and reliability for all critical infrastructures, the design, construction, and operation of dams should be integrated as part of a comprehensive risk management framework that can effectively address natural and manmade hazards. As an effect, in recent years integrated management strategies have become more and more important, and as such, their related implementation efforts should include aspects such as sustainability, resilience, and public participation. Risk Analysis, Dam Safety, Dam Security, and Critical Infrastructure Management offers the state of the art on risk analysis, representing a primary tool for achieving effective management of critical infrastructures along with a suitable framework for the development of risk management models regarding natural, technological and human-induced hazards. The book is divided in four parts: Critical Infrastructure Management, focusing on efficient, equitable, and sustainable management of critical infrastructures; Risk Analysis, focusing on recent developments regarding risk management models for natural, technological and human-induced hazards; Dam Safety, focusing on recent developments regarding dam safety, and Dam Security, focusing on aspects regarding dam security and vulnerabilities to human-induced threats. This book is essential reading for graduate students and researchers interested in risk analysis as applied to all type of critical infrastructures, and for designers, engineers, owners and operators of critical infrastructures in general and dams in particular.

Gradual shift has been observed lately of dam safety procedures from the conventional technical based towards a widerscope of risk management procedure based on risk analysis. The new approach considers the likelihood level of occurrence of a multitude of hazards and the magnitude of the resulting possible consequences in case of failure using rational cause and effect arguments. Most dam owners are shifting towards the use of the new risk based procedures; and even governments themselves are moving towards formalizing the new trend. Legislations in the United States were promulgated [1] after serious dam failures and the adoption of stringent levels of scrutiny led such federal dam owners to pioneer in this field and in developing the concepts and methods required. The corner stone in risk analysis is the definition of the potential modes that may lead to failure and assessment of the likelihood levels of their occurrence and possible category of the consequences which, after thorough evaluation, will shape thedecision making. This type of analysis was applied to Mosul Dam as a case study and resulted in definite recommendations. ; Validerad;2017;Nivå 1;2017-10-19 (andbra)

Dams have contributed to the human development and have brought many benefits, such as delivering hydropower, irrigating agricultural fields, supplying drinking water, or just for navigational and recreational purposes. Nevertheless, dams are critical structures that raise multiple concerns and risks associated with the ecological, social and economic impact. Angola has a rich and complex network of water basins and dams that serves different strategic purposes as defined in its water resource management policy and respective strategic plan that, namely, considers relevant to build new dams and to better operate the existent ones. In fact, some of the most important dams in Angola are equipped with safety management information devices that perform data collection and storage for infrastructural analysis and reporting. However, many of these systems are currently in a critical condition. The civil war of 1975-2002 took a toll on dam safety measures and systems and most of them are outdated or malfunctioning. The dams that are presently under construction, like Matala, will already be equipped with safety management devices that are able to perform measurement of variables such as displacement and discharges, among others. Yet, new and adequate legislation must be created for all these efforts to effectively take place: the National Dam Safety Plan may provide the answer and framework to this state of affairs. Additionally, in this paper we assert that a more complex and integrated system can help to achieve this plan. Hence, the main contribution of this paper is the proposal of the gestBarragens-2, a next-generation Dam Safety Management System (DSMS), particularly fitting for the geographic and political context of Angola. This DSMS highlevel architecture reflects our experience with the design, development and operation of a former DSMS in Portugal over this last decade, but also the state of art analysis and our own learning process, introspection and criticism. The gestBarragens-2 architectural view defines the complex integration of several subsystems in two complementary dimensions: the applicational and the technological. The applicational subsystems are mainly functional, while the technological subsystems provide crosscutting features that are widely used in the DSMS as a whole. ; DBB/NO

SUMMARYThe current safety criteria for a high hazard dam focus on protecting the dam during a large flood. While protecting the dam does help to protect downstream people and property, the two objectives are not the same. Instead, the criteria should focus on lowering property damage (including damage to the dam) and preventing flood deaths.High hazard dams must survive a design flood in the current safety criteria. However, experts don't agree on the size of the peak flow that meets this criteria.Statistical hydrologists have proposed an alternative to using professional judgment to specify the design flood. Unfortunately, peak flow distributions cannot be estimated with confidence for extreme floods given available data.A major safety goal is to prevent deaths from floods. Preventing deaths is a major reason for constructing the spillway to handle extreme floods so that the dam doesn't fail due to overtopping. However, even if the dam doesn't fail, the spilled floods could cause many deaths. A better approach is to warn people to get them out of harm's way if a flood is coming.Retrofitting existing dams that could pass a "probable maximum flood" (PMF) when built is almost never a good use of funds. Instead, funds would be spent better by focusing on preventing damage from small floods, lowering the damage from medium‐sized floods, and warning people in the event of a flood that could pose risks to life.