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"Written by one of the best Criminological Ethnographers in the business, this text will serve as an invaluable and insightful resource for both novice and seasoned ethnographers of criminological issues." - Anthony Ellis, University of Salford In the first textbook to cover ethnography specific to criminology, James Treadwell guides readers through the ethnographic research process in full, starting with a background to criminological ethnography, through planning and doing an ethnographic project, and finally, the writing up and reporting stage. The book provides guidance for navigating key issues in ethnography, including access and researcher safety, and supports readers when carrying out their project with helpful exercises, questions and checklists. It also includes insightful case studies comprised of classic works and the author's own ethnographic projects, along with a range of extra learning features including key terms, a glossary, and further reading suggestions. A valuable resource for anyone embarking on ethnographic research in criminology for the first time.

The paper deals with criminological analysis of war as a negative social phenomenon, from the earliest communities up to the New Age, by using historical and comparative methods. Being an armed conflict between people and groups, war is an act of force and coercion aimed at imposing one's will on the enemy. The paper aims to describe the evolution of warfares through three major historical epochs: the Old Age, the Middle Ages, and the New Age. The author analyzes each major historical period in terms of the prevailing causes, motives, justifications and consequences of war in the specific period. The author points out that the use of force in warfare progressively expanded in every subsequent historical epoch, particularly as a result of the development of destructive tools and technologies. Although international customary law imposes limitations on the use of force in warfare, it does not necessarily reduce the scope and the impact of its application.