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Intro -- Contents -- Preface -- Chapter 1 -- Gun Control, Mental Incompetency, and Social Security Administration Final Rule* -- Summary -- Introduction -- Brady Act, NICS, and Firearms Ineligibility -- Mental Incompetency and Firearms Ineligibility -- NICS Improvement Amendments Act of 2007 -- Federal Department and Agency Requirements Under NIAA -- Attorney General's Authority to Secure Records -- Record Accuracy and Confidentiality -- Records Prohibited from Inclusion in NICS -- Relief from Mental Defective Disability -- Notice of Firearms Eligibility Loss and Disability Relief -- Senate Action in the 114th Congress -- Manchin-Toomey Amendment -- Murphy Amendment -- Grassley Amendments -- P.L. 114-255 Provision -- VA Implementation of NIAA -- Individuals Who Have Their Names Reported to NICS -- How Are Affected Individuals Notified by the VA and What Information Is Provided? -- How Do Affected Individuals Have Their Records Removed from the NICS? -- SSA Implementation of NIAA -- Individuals Who Would Have Their Records Reported to the NICS -- How Would Affected Individuals be Notified by SSA and What Information Would be Provided? -- How Would Affected Individuals Have Their Records Removed from the NICS? -- Conclusion -- Chapter 2 -- Sifting Domestic Terrorism from Hate Crime and Homegrown Violent Extremism* -- Domestic Terrorism -- Hate Crime -- The Harpham Case -- Homegrown Violent Extremism -- Chapter 3 -- The State Department's Trafficking in Persons Report: Scope, Aid Restrictions, and Methodology* -- Summary -- Introduction -- TIP Report Scope -- Reporting Requirements in the TVPA -- Required Country Lists in the TIP Report -- Other Required Information in the TIP Report -- Reporting Requirements in the CSPA -- Reporting Requirements Related to the Special Watch List -- Relationship to the Tier 2 Watch List

Intro -- Contents -- Preface -- Federal Crime Control Issues in the 111th Congress* -- Summary -- Introduction -- Crime Statistics2 -- Violent Crime Rate -- Property Crime Rate -- Violent Crime Control -- Hate Crimes6 -- Gangs14 -- Gun Control24 -- Combating Fraud and Theft -- Identity Theft31 -- Organized Retail Crime -- Drug Control -- Sentencing Reform50 -- Crack/Powder Cocaine Sentencing Disparities -- Early Release -- State and Local Justice Assistance -- Community Oriented Policing Services (COPS)67 -- Juvenile Justice71 -- Witness Protection Program -- Criminal Justice System Review -- End Notes -- DC Gun Laws and Proposed Amendments* -- Summary -- Introduction -- Overview of Congressional and DC Legislation -- Analysis of DC Gun Laws under the Proposed Amendments -- Authority of DC to Promulgate Rules -- DC Semiautomatic Ban -- Registration Requirements, Ammunition Sales, -- and Interstate Purchases -- Registration -- Ammunition Sales and Registration -- Interstate Transfers of Firearms -- Trigger Lock Requirement -- Criminal Penalties for Possession of Unregistered Firearms -- Regulating Inoperable Pistols and Harmonizing -- Definitions for Certain Types of Firearms -- Prohibitions of Firearms from Private -- and Sensitive Public Property -- Regulating the Carrying and Transport of Firearms -- Carrying of Firearms -- Transportation of Firearms -- Toy and Antique Pistols -- Providing Jurisdiction to Office of Administrative Hearings -- Additional District Provisions that Would Be Affected by the Congressional Proposals -- Qualifications and Duties for Dealers of Firearms -- Transfer or Sale by Non-Dealers and by Licensed Dealers -- Assault Weapons/Handgun Roster -- Large Capacity Ammunition Feeding Devices -- Waiting Period -- Microstamping and Discharge of Firearms -- End Notes

CLIFFSQUICKREVIEW Criminal Justice -- About the Author -- CONTENTS -- PREFACE -- CHAPTER 1 THE CRIMINAL JUSTICE SYSTEM -- The Structure of Criminal Justice -- The Process of Criminal Justice -- The Politics of Criminal Justice -- Great Debates in Criminal Justice: Should the Crime Control Model or the Due Process Model Prevail? -- CHAPTER 2 CRIMINAL JUSTICE IN THE U. S. -- Citizen Participation -- Rights Consciousness and Civil Liberties -- Racial Disparities in American Criminal Justice -- Great Debates in Criminal Justice: Is the Criminal Justice System Racist? -- CHAPTER 3 CRIME -- Definitions of Crime -- Types of Crime -- Part I Offenses -- Drugs and Crime -- Guns and Crime -- Great Debates in Criminal Justice: Does Gun Control Reduce Crime? -- CHAPTER 4 CRIMINAL LAW -- Sources of Criminal Law -- The Nature of Criminal Law -- Functions of Criminal Law -- Legal Elements of a Crime -- Legal Defenses and Justifications for Crimes -- The Limits of Criminal Law -- Great Debates in Criminal Justice: Should Drugs Be Legalized? -- CHAPTER 5 DEVELOPMENT OF THE AMERICAN POLICE -- Policing Colonial America -- Developing the New Police -- Frontier Justice -- Progressive Police Reform -- Crime Control Decades (1919-1959) -- Policing the Social Crises of the 1960s -- Crime Control Revisited (1970s-1990s) -- Law Enforcement Goes High-Tech -- Great Debates in Criminal Justice: Should Police Take DNA Samples from All Arrestees? -- CHAPTER 6 POLICE FUNCTION -- The Nature of Police Work -- Police Systems -- Police Organization -- Police Strategies -- Great Debates in Criminal Justice: Does Community Policing Prevent Crime? -- CHAPTER 7 POLICE POWERS AND CITIZENS' RIGHTS -- Criminal Procedure and the Constitution -- The Right to Privacy -- The Exclusionary Rule -- The Fifth Amendment's Right Against Self-Incrimination

"Cover" -- "Half Title" -- "Title Page" -- "Copyright Page" -- "Preface" -- "Acknowledgments" -- "Contents" -- "About The Author" -- "Chapter 1 Criminal Justice Perspectives" -- "Social Control" -- "Types of Social Control" -- "Criminal Justice as Social Control" -- "Perspectives on Criminal Justice" -- "Criminal Justice Theory" -- "Disciplinary Analyses" -- "Comparison Analyses" -- "Process Analyses" -- "Thematic Analyses" -- "Systems Analyses" -- "Choosing an Approach" -- "Systems Theory and the Systems Approach" -- "The System of Criminal Justice" -- "Types of Systems" -- "The Nonsystem of Criminal Justice" -- "The Environment of Criminal Justice" -- "The Material Environment of Criminal Justice" -- "Raw Materials" -- "Means of Production" -- "The Ideological Environment of Criminal Justice" -- "Value Conflicts" -- "Federalism and Uniformity" -- "Vengeance and Assistance" -- "Individual Actors" -- "Examining Criminal Justice" -- "A Parting Comment on Criminal Justice Theory" -- "Preview of Forthcoming Chapters" -- "Review Questions" -- "References" -- "Chapter 2 The Justice Process" -- "The Decision Points of the Criminal Justice System" -- "Detection" -- "Investigation" -- "Arrest" -- "Initial Appearance" -- "Charging" -- "Arraignment" -- "Trial" -- "Sentencing" -- "Revocation" -- "Discharge" -- "The Total Criminal Justice System" -- "Drunk Driving" -- "Homeland Security" -- "The War on Drugs" -- "Domestic Violence Arrest Policies" -- "The Components of Criminal Justice" -- "Law Enforcement" -- "Federal Law Enforcement" -- "State Law Enforcement" -- "Municipal Law Enforcement" -- "Private and Other Public Law Enforcement" -- "Courts" -- "Federal Courts" -- "State Courts" -- "Local Courts" -- "Other Courts" -- "Prosecution" -- "Defense" -- "Witnesses and Jurors" -- "Corrections" -- "Incarceration" -- "Nonincarceration

This collection will provide an engaging and critical account of the current state of criminal justice and the origins and implications of contemporary practice, celebrating the 50th Anniversary of the Oxford Centre for Criminology and featuring contributions from leading internationally-renowned criminologists

This text offers a concise, affordable and reader-friendly introduction to the criminal justice system. It explores the system in four sections: the criminal justice system as social control, law enforcement as social control, the law as social control, and corrections as social control.

Federal courts supervise state criminal justice administration through decisions under two federal statutes, the Habeas Corpus Act and section 1983, a Civil Rights Act provision. These statutes provide overlapping review of constitutional errors. Habeas law has become too technical, limited by procedural barriers that often result in prisoners' losing their constitutional claims; moreover, the overlap between the two statutes adds further confusion. The theoretical basis for this complicated system of duplicative litigation no longer exists. Because the most important law of criminal procedure is now completely federal, state courts have no institutional reason to resist its application in favor of their own. Habeas law should be reformed and simplified to protect the goals of criminal procedure: innocence and deterrence of unreasonable state-court constitutional interpretations. Section 1983 litigation revisiting issues that the plaintiff had a meaningful opportunity to raise in state court or on habeas should be curtailed, unless the plaintiff demonstrates that one of those courts has ruled in his favor.

dummy_cover.pdf -- The Constitution and the Future of Criminal Justice in America -- Title -- Copyright -- Contents -- Contributors -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- Notes -- Part I Foundations - The Scope of Criminal Law and Access to Counsel -- 1 The Past and Future of the Right to an Attorney for Poor People Accused of Crimes -- Notes -- 2 Criminal Justice in America -- 1. Historical -- 2. Political -- 3. Substantive -- 4. Constitutional? -- Notes -- Part II Race and Criminal Procedure -- 3 The Challenges of "Quality of Life" Policing for the Fourth Amendment -- 1. Overcriminalization -- 2. Stop and Frisk and the Limits of the Exclusionary Rule -- 3. The Need for a Broader Institutional Response to Systemic Police Illegality -- 4. Thoughts on Solutions -- Notes -- 4 Implicit Racial Bias and the Fourth Amendment -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Overview of Implicit Biases and Their Behavioral Effects -- a. Increased Scrutiny -- b. Biased Evaluations -- c. Biased Treatment and Behavioral Confirmation -- 3. Examining the Terry v. Ohio Doctrine -- a. Interpretation of Ambiguous Behavior -- b. Officer Experience -- c. Race Salience -- 4. Preliminary Thoughts on Doctrinal Reforms -- a. Return to Probable Cause -- b. No Automatic Deference -- c. No Reliance on Race or Race Proxies -- 5. Structural Reforms -- a. Review of Existing Practices -- b. Debiasing Strategies -- i. Increasing Awareness -- ii. Training -- iii. Hiring -- iv. Incentivizing Positive Interactions -- 6. Conclusion -- Notes -- Part III Policing and Privacy -- 5 The Exclusionary Rule -- 1. Juror Resistance -- 2. Juror Antipathy -- 3. Juror Error -- 4. Perverse Screening -- 5. Judicial Distortion of the Exclusionary Rule -- Notes -- 6 Consent, Dignity, and the Failure of Scattershot Policing -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Legal Rules and Law Enforcement Practices.

Intro -- CONTENTS -- ILLUSTRATIONS -- PREFACE -- Chapter 1 GET SMART ON CRIME -- Chapter 2 A HOUSE BUILT ON SAND -- Chapter 3 TWO SIDES OF THE SAME COIN -- Chapter 4 POLITICIANS AND BUREAUCRATS: GARBAGE IN, GARBAGE OUT -- Chapter 5 BALL FOUR: "SOLUTIONS" THAT MISS THE PLATE -- Chapter 6 GANGS, MILITIAS, AND ORGANIZED CRIME -- Chapter 7 JUVENILE CRIME -- Chapter 8 INSANITY AND MENTAL HEALTH -- Chapter 9 COERCIVE TREATMENT, CIVIL LIBERTIES, AND CHANGE -- Chapter 10 THE NEW GULAG: THE FAILURE OF PRISON ARCHITECTURE -- Chapter 11 GET SMART ON CRIME, PART II -- Chapter 12 CLASSIFICATION AND TREATMENT: EARNING RELEASE -- Chapter 13 PREVENTION IS NOT A FOUR-LETTER WORD -- GLOSSARY -- BIBLIOGRAPHY -- INDEX.

Cover -- Title page -- Table of Contents -- Acknowledgements -- About the Author -- Author's Preface -- Foreword -- Introduction -- Part 1 Desert and Its Philosophical Implications -- 1 Towards De-Mystification -- 2 Whence the Concept of Desert? -- 3 Differing Faces of Desert -- 4 Revising the Algebra -- 5 Justice at the Crossroads -- Part 2 Desert and Its Operational Implications -- 6 A Reparative Desert Strategy -- 7 Consensus Building for Reform -- 8 Evolving a Strategy -- 9 A Reparative Justice Model -- 10 Putting the Pieces Together -- 11 Community Involvement -- 12 Conclusions

Free Market Criminal Justice explains how faith in democratic politics and free markets has undermined the rule of law in US criminal process. It argues that, to strengthen the rule of law, US criminal justice needs less democracy, fewer market mechanisms, and more law.